Mycotoxin Interactions along the Gastrointestinal Tract: In Vitro Semi-Dynamic Digestion and Static Colonic Fermentation of a Contaminated Meal

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) naturally co-occur in several foods, but no studies have followed the fate of mycotoxins’ interactions along the gastrointestinal tract using in vitro digestion models. This study used a novel semi-dynamic model that mimics gradual acidification and gastric emptying, coupled with a static colonic fermentation phase, in order to monitor mycotoxins’ bioaccessibility by the oral route. AFB1 and OTA bioaccessibility patterns differed in single or co-exposed scenarios. When co-exposed (MIX meal), AFB1 bioaccessibility at the intestinal level increased by ~16%, while OTA bioaccessibility decreased by ~20%. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in both intestinal cell viability and NO production. With regard to mycotoxin–probiotic interactions, the MIX meal showed a null effect on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strain growth, while isolated AFB1 reduced bacterial growth parameters. These results were confirmed at phylum and family levels using a gut microbiota approach. After colonic fermentation, the fecal supernatant did not trigger the NF-kB activation pathway, indicating reduced toxicity of mycotoxins. In conclusion, if single exposed, AFB1 will have a significant impact on intestinal viability and probiotic growth, while OTA will mostly trigger NO production; in a co-exposure situation, both intestinal viability and inflammation will be affected, but the impact on probiotic growth will be neglected.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Sobral, Maria Madalena Costa, Gonçalves, Tiago, Martins, Zita E., Bäuerl, Christine, Cortés-Macías, Erika, Collado, María Carmen, Ferreira, Isabel M.P.L.V.O.
Other Authors:	Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
Format:	artículo biblioteca
Language:	English
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022-01-01
Subjects:	Aflatoxin B1, Gut microbiota, In vitro models, Inflammation, Ochratoxin A,
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/258129 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122473613
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