Increased cropping intensity improves crop residue inputs to the soil and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon stocks
Many South American agroecosystems are based mainly on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as a sole crop in the year, which has increased concerns regarding soil conservation and ecosystems sustainability. The increase in cropping intensity (CI) has been suggested as a strategy to improve crop residue inputs, which in turn, may increase soil aggregation and soil organic C (SOC) storage, while maintaining or even increasing total sequence yields. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between CI and crop residue input with SOC storage and soil aggregation in two contrasting northeastern Argentinean Pampas soils under no-till. Two parallel experiments were established in a Mollisol and a Vertisol evaluating six cropping sequences, starting from soybean monoculture and increasing the number of crops per year and crop diversity. Crop residue inputs to the soil (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and total biomass), grain yield, the amount of macroaggregates (MA), SOC stored inside macroagregates (SOCMA) and total SOC stocks were measured in both soils two years after the beginning of cropping sequences, at three soil depths. Soil organic C stocks, MA and SOCMA were all positively related with CI in both soils at 0– 5 cm depth. All soil variables were lowest in simple rotations (soybean monoculture) and increased in more complex rotations (double cropping with cereals and legumes), although differences were significant (P < 0.05) only in the top soil (0–5 cm depth). Grain yields and crop residues followed a similar pattern being higher in rotations that included maize (with yields expressed as grain mass or as glucose equivalent mass) and lower in soybean monocultures. The highest protein yields were obtained in sequences with wheat and soybean double cropping. Increases in CI under no-till seem to be a useful strategy to improved residue inputs, soil aggregates and SOC stocks. Our results provide valuable evidence for stakeholders and policy-makers to improve SOC sequestration and soil health in agroecosystems of humid temperate croplands.
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2017-01
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| Subjects: | Residuos de Cosechas, Materia Orgánica del Suelo, Carbono, Rotación de Cultivos, Tierras Agrícolas, Vertisoles, Vertisols, Farmland, Crop Rotation, Soil Organic Matter, Crop Residues, Carbono Orgánico del Suelo, Molisoles, Región Pampena, |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/2865 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198716301672?via%3Dihub https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.008 |
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| Summary: | Many South American agroecosystems are based mainly on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as a sole crop
in the year, which has increased concerns regarding soil conservation and ecosystems sustainability. The
increase in cropping intensity (CI) has been suggested as a strategy to improve crop residue inputs, which
in turn, may increase soil aggregation and soil organic C (SOC) storage, while maintaining or even
increasing total sequence yields. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between CI and crop
residue input with SOC storage and soil aggregation in two contrasting northeastern Argentinean Pampas
soils under no-till. Two parallel experiments were established in a Mollisol and a Vertisol evaluating six
cropping sequences, starting from soybean monoculture and increasing the number of crops per year and
crop diversity. Crop residue inputs to the soil (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and total
biomass), grain yield, the amount of macroaggregates (MA), SOC stored inside macroagregates (SOCMA)
and total SOC stocks were measured in both soils two years after the beginning of cropping sequences, at
three soil depths. Soil organic C stocks, MA and SOCMA were all positively related with CI in both soils at 0–
5 cm depth. All soil variables were lowest in simple rotations (soybean monoculture) and increased in
more complex rotations (double cropping with cereals and legumes), although differences were
significant (P < 0.05) only in the top soil (0–5 cm depth). Grain yields and crop residues followed a similar
pattern being higher in rotations that included maize (with yields expressed as grain mass or as glucose
equivalent mass) and lower in soybean monocultures. The highest protein yields were obtained in
sequences with wheat and soybean double cropping. Increases in CI under no-till seem to be a useful
strategy to improved residue inputs, soil aggregates and SOC stocks. Our results provide valuable
evidence for stakeholders and policy-makers to improve SOC sequestration and soil health in
agroecosystems of humid temperate croplands. |
|---|