Conditional Cash Transfers and Female Schooling : The Impact of the Female School Stipend Program on Public School Enrollments in Punjab, Pakistan

Instead of mean-tested conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, some countries have implemented gender-targeted CCTs to explicitly address intra-household disparities in human capital investments. This study focuses on addressing the direct impact of a female school stipend program in Punjab, Pakistan: Did the intervention increase female enrollment in public schools? To address this question, the authors draw on data from the provincial school censuses of 2003 and 2005. They estimate the net growth in female enrollments in grades 6-8 in stipend eligible schools. Impact evaluation analysis, including difference-and-difference (DD), triple differencing (DDD), and regression-discontinuity design (RDD) indicate a modest but statistically significant impact of the intervention. The preferred estimator derived from a combination of DDD and RDD empirical strategies suggests that the average program impact between 2003 and 2005 was an increase of six female students per school in terms of absolute change and an increase of 9 percent in female enrollment in terms of relative change. A triangulation effort is also undertaken using two rounds of a nationally representative household survey before and after the intervention. Even though the surveys are not representative at the subprovincial level, the results corroborate evidence of the impact using school census data.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Chaudhury, Nazmul, Parajuli, Dilip
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2006-12
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADULTS, ATTENDANCE RATE, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, AVERAGE LITERACY RATE, BOYS SCHOOLS, CENSUS DATA, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DROPOUT RATES, DROPOUTS, ECONOMIC FACTORS, EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, EDUCATION MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION REFORM, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT DATA, ENROLLMENT GROWTH, ENROLLMENT INDICATORS, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLLMENT RATES, EXPENDITURES, FEMALE CHILDREN, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALE ENROLLMENT, FEMALE SCHOOLING, FEMALE STUDENTS, FEMALE TEACHERS, FREE TEXTBOOKS, GENDER BIAS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISPARITY, GIRLS, GIRLS SCHOOLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT, HEALTH CARE, HIGH SCHOOLS, HIGHER REPETITION, HUMAN CAPITAL, ILLITERACY, ILLITERACY RATE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INTERVENTIONS, LEARNING, LITERACY, LITERACY RATES, LITERATURE, LIVING STANDARDS, MIDDLE SCHOOL, MIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATION, MIDDLE SCHOOLS, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NET ENROLLMENT, NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS, PAPERS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POOR PERFORMANCE, POSITIVE IMPACT, PRIMARY DATA, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION SECTOR, PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE ENROLLMENTS, PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIVATE SCHOOL, PRIVATE SCHOOLING, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS, PROVINCIAL EDUCATION, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM, PUBLIC SCHOOL, PUBLIC SCHOOLING, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS, PUPILS, REGULAR ATTENDANCE, REPETITION RATES, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL CENSUS, SCHOOL CENSUSES, SCHOOL COUNCILS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE, SCHOOL LEVEL, SCHOOL LOCATION, SCHOOL PARTICIPATION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO, TEACHER, TEACHERS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/12/7289481/conditional-cash-transfers-female-schooling-impact-female-school-stipend-program-public-school-enrollments-punjab-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9260
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