Navigating Labor Market Challenges with a Focus on Youth and Women’s Employment
Mongolia’s working age population is young, educated, and predominantly urban – creating a pool of well-educated young people living in urban centers. But Mongolia struggles to utilize its human resources in an effective and inclusive way. Labor force participation and employment rates are low and declining, while unemployment, including long-term unemployment, is high. Those who work often work excessively long hours. The share of the working age population with tertiary education is high – and compares well with that of high-income countries – but returns to tertiary (and upper secondary) education have declined in recent years. Women with tertiary degrees outnumber men, but the gender gap in labor force participation remains high and women are also still underrepresented in the higher-paying science and engineering fields. School-to-work transitions are slow, resulting in large numbers of graduates, especially better educated women, who are NEET (not in employment, education or training). Growth in real wages is considerable but lags the gains in labor productivity. Disparities exist by gender, age, education, and location, making certain groups, including women and youth, particularly vulnerable to labor market inequities. With the old-age dependency ratio set to rise in the 2040s, Mongolia's demographic window will soon be closing. To promote economic growth and harness its demographic dividend, it will be critical for Mongolia to better utilize available labor resources through increased employment, reduced labor market disparities, and higher productivity.
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Working Paper (Numbered Series) biblioteca |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC: World Bank
2024-07-25
|
| Subjects: | EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EMPLOYMENT, WOMENS EMPOWERMENT, LABOR MARKET EQUILIBRIUM, QUALITY EDUCATION, SDG 4, GENDER EQUALITY, SDG 5, DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, SDG 8, |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099061424103564653/P1744531d382ac0cb1b4201e76c68a277e1 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/41954 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Mongolia’s working age population is
young, educated, and predominantly urban – creating a pool
of well-educated young people living in urban centers. But
Mongolia struggles to utilize its human resources in an
effective and inclusive way. Labor force participation and
employment rates are low and declining, while unemployment,
including long-term unemployment, is high. Those who work
often work excessively long hours. The share of the working
age population with tertiary education is high – and
compares well with that of high-income countries – but
returns to tertiary (and upper secondary) education have
declined in recent years. Women with tertiary degrees
outnumber men, but the gender gap in labor force
participation remains high and women are also still
underrepresented in the higher-paying science and
engineering fields. School-to-work transitions are slow,
resulting in large numbers of graduates, especially better
educated women, who are NEET (not in employment, education
or training). Growth in real wages is considerable but lags
the gains in labor productivity. Disparities exist by
gender, age, education, and location, making certain groups,
including women and youth, particularly vulnerable to labor
market inequities. With the old-age dependency ratio set to
rise in the 2040s, Mongolia's demographic window will
soon be closing. To promote economic growth and harness its
demographic dividend, it will be critical for Mongolia to
better utilize available labor resources through increased
employment, reduced labor market disparities, and higher productivity. |
|---|