Access to Water, Women’s Work and Child Outcomes

Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve the health and education outcomes of their children? To help address these questions, a new approach for dealing with the endogeneity of infrastructure placement in cross-sectional surveys is proposed and implemented using data for nine developing countries. The paper does not find that access to water comes with greater off-farm work for women, although in countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys' and girls' enrollments improve with better access to water. There are also some signs of impacts on child health as measured by anthropometric z-scores.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	van de Walle, Dominique, Koolwal, Gayatri
Language:	English
Published:	2010-05-01
Subjects:	ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO MARKETS, ADEQUATE EDUCATION, AGED, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, ALTERNATIVE APPROACH, ANTENATAL CARE, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BENEFICIAL EFFECTS, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD NUTRITION, CHILD REARING, CHILD WELFARE, CHILDBEARING, COMMUNITY MEMBERS, CONSTRUCTION, CULTURAL CHANGE, DECISION MAKING, DECISION MAKING PROCESSES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISABILITY, DISEASES, DOMESTIC WORKLOAD, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EMPOWERING WOMEN, FAMILIES, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FERTILITY, FIRST MARRIAGE, FOOD SECURITY, FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY, GAP BETWEEN GIRLS, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAPS, GLOBAL WATER CRISIS, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROUNDWATER, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLNESS, IMPORTANT POLICY, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INFANT, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAUNDRY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MARITAL STATUS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MOTHER, NATURAL RESOURCE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLDER WOMEN, PIPED WATER, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POPULATION DENSITY, PRICE OF WATER, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PROGRESS, REMITTANCES, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RURAL WATER, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, RURAL WOMEN, SANITATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SEX, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL NORMS, SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, SPILLOVER, SPOUSE, TEENAGE GIRLS, TRANSPORTATION, WALKING, WATER COLLECTION, WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER USE, WELLS, WOMAN, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100510114112 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3789
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