Long-Term and Intergenerational Effects of Education
This paper studies the long-term and intergenerational effects of the 1970s Indonesian school construction program, which was one of the largest ever conducted. Exploiting variation across birth cohorts and districts in the number of schools built suggests that education benefits for men and women persist 43 years after the program. Exposed men are more likely to be formal workers, work outside agriculture, and migrate. Men and women who were exposed to the program have better marriage market outcomes with spouses that are more educated, and households with exposed women have improved living standards and pay more government taxes. Mother’s program exposure, rather than father’s, leads to education benefits that are transmitted to the next generation, with the largest effects in upper secondary and tertiary education. Cost-benefit analyses show that school construction leads to higher government tax revenues and improved living standards that offset construction costs within 30-50 years.
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Working Paper biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2021-03
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| Subjects: | EDUCATION, INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY, SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, LABOR MARKET, GENDER, |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/609331614697949242/Long-Term-and-Intergenerational-Effects-of-Education-Evidence-from-School-Construction-in-Indonesia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/35208 |
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| Summary: | This paper studies the long-term and
intergenerational effects of the 1970s Indonesian school
construction program, which was one of the largest ever
conducted. Exploiting variation across birth cohorts and
districts in the number of schools built suggests that
education benefits for men and women persist 43 years after
the program. Exposed men are more likely to be formal
workers, work outside agriculture, and migrate. Men and
women who were exposed to the program have better marriage
market outcomes with spouses that are more educated, and
households with exposed women have improved living standards
and pay more government taxes. Mother’s program exposure,
rather than father’s, leads to education benefits that are
transmitted to the next generation, with the largest effects
in upper secondary and tertiary education. Cost-benefit
analyses show that school construction leads to higher
government tax revenues and improved living standards that
offset construction costs within 30-50 years. |
|---|