How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?

This paper studies the cross-country incidence of the 2008-2009 global crisis and documents a structural break in the way emerging economies responded to the global shock. Contrary to popular perceptions, emerging market economies suffered growth collapses comparable, or even larger, to those experienced by advanced economies during the crisis. With such large financial and real shock, most of the world economy came to a halt when the crisis hit, with most countries resuming their pre-crisis growth rates afterwards. While emerging economies were not able to avoid the crisis collapse, they grew at a higher rate during the post crisis, relative to before and, as usual, to advanced countries. Moreover, emerging economies initiated their recovery sooner. Breaking with the past, emerging economies were able to conduct countercyclical policies, and became more similar to developed countries in softening the impact of the crisis and in their ability to pursue expansionary policies.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Didier, Tatiana, Hevia, Constantino, Schmukler, Sergio L.
Format: Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:English
Published: 2011-04-01
Subjects:ACCESS TO FUNDS, ADVANCED COUNTRIES, ADVANCED ECONOMIES, ASSET PRICES, ASSET VALUES, ASSETS, BALANCE SHEET, BALANCE SHEETS, BANK CLAIMS, BANK LOANS, BANKRUPTCY, BUFFERS, BUSINESS CYCLE, CAPITAL FLOW, CAPITAL FLOWS, CAPITAL INFLOWS, CAPITAL MARKETS, CAPITAL OUTFLOWS, CENTRAL BANK, CENTRAL BANKS, COIN, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICES, CONSENSUS FORECAST, CONSUMERS, CREDIBILITY, CREDIT RISK, CURRENCY, CURRENCY CRISES, CURRENCY MISMATCHES, CURRENCY VALUE, CURRENT ACCOUNT, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS, CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS, DEBT, DECELERATION IN GROWTH, DEPRECIATION, DEPRESSION, DEVALUATION, DEVALUATIONS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIRECT INVESTMENT, DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM, DOMESTIC CREDIT, DOMESTIC CURRENCIES, DOMESTIC CURRENCY, DOMESTIC ECONOMIES, DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS, DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN, EMERGING ECONOMIES, EMERGING MARKET, EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES, EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES, EMERGING MARKETS, EQUITY MARKETS, EQUITY PRICES, EXCESS RETURN, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS, EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES, EXCHANGE RATE POLICY, EXCHANGE RATE REGIME, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPANSIONARY POLICIES, EXPORT VOLUMES, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXPOSURE, EXPOSURES, EXTERNAL BALANCE, EXTERNAL POSITIONS, EXTERNAL SHOCK, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, FEDERAL RESERVE, FEDERAL RESERVE BANK, FINANCIAL COLLAPSE, FINANCIAL CONTAGION, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL FACTORS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INTEGRATION, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES, FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL OPENNESS, FINANCIAL POLICIES, FINANCIAL POLICY, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SECTORS, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES, FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES, FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS, FISCAL POLICIES, FISCAL POLICY, FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE, FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES, FORECASTS, FOREIGN ASSET, FOREIGN ASSET POSITION, FOREIGN ASSETS, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT, FOREIGN DEBT, FOREIGN FINANCING, FOREIGN FUNDS, FOREIGN INVESTMENTS, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN LIABILITIES, FOREIGN RESERVES, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GLOBAL DEMAND, GLOBAL EXPORT, GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS, GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM, GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNMENT ACTIONS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH PROJECTIONS, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HEDGE FUNDS, HOUSING FINANCE, ILLIQUID ASSETS, IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVELS, INFLATION, INFLATION TARGETING, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL DEBT, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS, INTERNATIONAL RESERVE, INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORIES, INVENTORY, LEADING INDICATORS, LEVERAGE, LIQUIDITY, LOCAL CURRENCY, LONG-TERM ASSETS, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES, MACROECONOMICS, MARKET INTEREST, MARKET RATES, MATURITY MISMATCHES, MONETARY POLICIES, MONETARY POLICY, MONETARY REGIMES, MONEY MARKET, MORAL HAZARD, MORTGAGE, MORTGAGE MARKETS, MUTUAL FUND, MUTUAL FUNDS, OPEN ECONOMIES, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, OUTPUT, PORTFOLIO, PORTFOLIOS, POSITIVE SPILLOVER, POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS, PRICE OF OIL, PUBLIC DEBT, REAL GDP, REAL SHOCK, RECESSION, RECESSIONS, REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS, RESERVE ACCUMULATION, RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES, RESPONSE TO SHOCKS, SECURITIES, SHORT-TERM DEBT, SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES, STOCK MARKET, STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION, STOCK MARKETS, SYSTEMIC RISK, T-BILLS, TAX, TAX REVENUES, TOTAL DEBT, TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS, TROUGH, UNCERTAINTY, VENTURE CAPITALIST, WAGES, WEALTH, WHOLESALE FUNDS, WHOLESALE MARKET, WORLD ECONOMY,
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110428152332
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3408
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record_format koha
institution Banco Mundial
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country Estados Unidos
countrycode US
component Bibliográfico
access En linea
databasecode dig-okr
tag biblioteca
region America del Norte
libraryname Biblioteca del Banco Mundial
language English
topic ACCESS TO FUNDS
ADVANCED COUNTRIES
ADVANCED ECONOMIES
ASSET PRICES
ASSET VALUES
ASSETS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CLAIMS
BANK LOANS
BANKRUPTCY
BUFFERS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL FLOW
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL INFLOWS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL OUTFLOWS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COIN
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSENSUS FORECAST
CONSUMERS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT RISK
CURRENCY
CURRENCY CRISES
CURRENCY MISMATCHES
CURRENCY VALUE
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS
DEBT
DECELERATION IN GROWTH
DEPRECIATION
DEPRESSION
DEVALUATION
DEVALUATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM
DOMESTIC CREDIT
DOMESTIC CURRENCIES
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC ECONOMIES
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EQUITY PRICES
EXCESS RETURN
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS
EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES
EXCHANGE RATE POLICY
EXCHANGE RATE REGIME
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPANSIONARY POLICIES
EXPORT VOLUMES
EXPORTER
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES
EXTERNAL BALANCE
EXTERNAL POSITIONS
EXTERNAL SHOCK
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEDERAL RESERVE
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
FINANCIAL CONTAGION
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL FACTORS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OPENNESS
FINANCIAL POLICIES
FINANCIAL POLICY
FINANCIAL SECTOR
FINANCIAL SECTORS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES
FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES
FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES
FORECASTS
FOREIGN ASSET
FOREIGN ASSET POSITION
FOREIGN ASSETS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN FINANCING
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN LIABILITIES
FOREIGN RESERVES
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL DEMAND
GLOBAL EXPORT
GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROWTH PROJECTIONS
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATES
HEDGE FUNDS
HOUSING FINANCE
ILLIQUID ASSETS
IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INCOME GROUPS
INCOME LEVELS
INFLATION
INFLATION TARGETING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
INTERNATIONAL RESERVE
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
LEADING INDICATORS
LEVERAGE
LIQUIDITY
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM ASSETS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC POLICY
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
MACROECONOMICS
MARKET INTEREST
MARKET RATES
MATURITY MISMATCHES
MONETARY POLICIES
MONETARY POLICY
MONETARY REGIMES
MONEY MARKET
MORAL HAZARD
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE MARKETS
MUTUAL FUND
MUTUAL FUNDS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTPUT
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIOS
POSITIVE SPILLOVER
POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS
PRICE OF OIL
PUBLIC DEBT
REAL GDP
REAL SHOCK
RECESSION
RECESSIONS
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
RESERVE ACCUMULATION
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES
RESPONSE TO SHOCKS
SECURITIES
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKETS
SYSTEMIC RISK
T-BILLS
TAX
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS
TROUGH
UNCERTAINTY
VENTURE CAPITALIST
WAGES
WEALTH
WHOLESALE FUNDS
WHOLESALE MARKET
WORLD ECONOMY
ACCESS TO FUNDS
ADVANCED COUNTRIES
ADVANCED ECONOMIES
ASSET PRICES
ASSET VALUES
ASSETS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CLAIMS
BANK LOANS
BANKRUPTCY
BUFFERS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL FLOW
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL INFLOWS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL OUTFLOWS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COIN
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSENSUS FORECAST
CONSUMERS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT RISK
CURRENCY
CURRENCY CRISES
CURRENCY MISMATCHES
CURRENCY VALUE
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS
DEBT
DECELERATION IN GROWTH
DEPRECIATION
DEPRESSION
DEVALUATION
DEVALUATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM
DOMESTIC CREDIT
DOMESTIC CURRENCIES
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC ECONOMIES
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EQUITY PRICES
EXCESS RETURN
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS
EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES
EXCHANGE RATE POLICY
EXCHANGE RATE REGIME
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPANSIONARY POLICIES
EXPORT VOLUMES
EXPORTER
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES
EXTERNAL BALANCE
EXTERNAL POSITIONS
EXTERNAL SHOCK
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEDERAL RESERVE
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
FINANCIAL CONTAGION
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL FACTORS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OPENNESS
FINANCIAL POLICIES
FINANCIAL POLICY
FINANCIAL SECTOR
FINANCIAL SECTORS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES
FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES
FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES
FORECASTS
FOREIGN ASSET
FOREIGN ASSET POSITION
FOREIGN ASSETS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN FINANCING
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN LIABILITIES
FOREIGN RESERVES
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL DEMAND
GLOBAL EXPORT
GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROWTH PROJECTIONS
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATES
HEDGE FUNDS
HOUSING FINANCE
ILLIQUID ASSETS
IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INCOME GROUPS
INCOME LEVELS
INFLATION
INFLATION TARGETING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
INTERNATIONAL RESERVE
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
LEADING INDICATORS
LEVERAGE
LIQUIDITY
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM ASSETS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC POLICY
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
MACROECONOMICS
MARKET INTEREST
MARKET RATES
MATURITY MISMATCHES
MONETARY POLICIES
MONETARY POLICY
MONETARY REGIMES
MONEY MARKET
MORAL HAZARD
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE MARKETS
MUTUAL FUND
MUTUAL FUNDS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTPUT
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIOS
POSITIVE SPILLOVER
POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS
PRICE OF OIL
PUBLIC DEBT
REAL GDP
REAL SHOCK
RECESSION
RECESSIONS
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
RESERVE ACCUMULATION
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES
RESPONSE TO SHOCKS
SECURITIES
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKETS
SYSTEMIC RISK
T-BILLS
TAX
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS
TROUGH
UNCERTAINTY
VENTURE CAPITALIST
WAGES
WEALTH
WHOLESALE FUNDS
WHOLESALE MARKET
WORLD ECONOMY
spellingShingle ACCESS TO FUNDS
ADVANCED COUNTRIES
ADVANCED ECONOMIES
ASSET PRICES
ASSET VALUES
ASSETS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CLAIMS
BANK LOANS
BANKRUPTCY
BUFFERS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL FLOW
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL INFLOWS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL OUTFLOWS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COIN
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSENSUS FORECAST
CONSUMERS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT RISK
CURRENCY
CURRENCY CRISES
CURRENCY MISMATCHES
CURRENCY VALUE
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS
DEBT
DECELERATION IN GROWTH
DEPRECIATION
DEPRESSION
DEVALUATION
DEVALUATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM
DOMESTIC CREDIT
DOMESTIC CURRENCIES
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC ECONOMIES
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EQUITY PRICES
EXCESS RETURN
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS
EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES
EXCHANGE RATE POLICY
EXCHANGE RATE REGIME
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPANSIONARY POLICIES
EXPORT VOLUMES
EXPORTER
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES
EXTERNAL BALANCE
EXTERNAL POSITIONS
EXTERNAL SHOCK
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEDERAL RESERVE
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
FINANCIAL CONTAGION
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL FACTORS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OPENNESS
FINANCIAL POLICIES
FINANCIAL POLICY
FINANCIAL SECTOR
FINANCIAL SECTORS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES
FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES
FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES
FORECASTS
FOREIGN ASSET
FOREIGN ASSET POSITION
FOREIGN ASSETS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN FINANCING
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN LIABILITIES
FOREIGN RESERVES
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL DEMAND
GLOBAL EXPORT
GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROWTH PROJECTIONS
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATES
HEDGE FUNDS
HOUSING FINANCE
ILLIQUID ASSETS
IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INCOME GROUPS
INCOME LEVELS
INFLATION
INFLATION TARGETING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
INTERNATIONAL RESERVE
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
LEADING INDICATORS
LEVERAGE
LIQUIDITY
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM ASSETS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC POLICY
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
MACROECONOMICS
MARKET INTEREST
MARKET RATES
MATURITY MISMATCHES
MONETARY POLICIES
MONETARY POLICY
MONETARY REGIMES
MONEY MARKET
MORAL HAZARD
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE MARKETS
MUTUAL FUND
MUTUAL FUNDS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTPUT
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIOS
POSITIVE SPILLOVER
POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS
PRICE OF OIL
PUBLIC DEBT
REAL GDP
REAL SHOCK
RECESSION
RECESSIONS
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
RESERVE ACCUMULATION
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES
RESPONSE TO SHOCKS
SECURITIES
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKETS
SYSTEMIC RISK
T-BILLS
TAX
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS
TROUGH
UNCERTAINTY
VENTURE CAPITALIST
WAGES
WEALTH
WHOLESALE FUNDS
WHOLESALE MARKET
WORLD ECONOMY
ACCESS TO FUNDS
ADVANCED COUNTRIES
ADVANCED ECONOMIES
ASSET PRICES
ASSET VALUES
ASSETS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CLAIMS
BANK LOANS
BANKRUPTCY
BUFFERS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL FLOW
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL INFLOWS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL OUTFLOWS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COIN
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSENSUS FORECAST
CONSUMERS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT RISK
CURRENCY
CURRENCY CRISES
CURRENCY MISMATCHES
CURRENCY VALUE
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS
DEBT
DECELERATION IN GROWTH
DEPRECIATION
DEPRESSION
DEVALUATION
DEVALUATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM
DOMESTIC CREDIT
DOMESTIC CURRENCIES
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC ECONOMIES
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EQUITY PRICES
EXCESS RETURN
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS
EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES
EXCHANGE RATE POLICY
EXCHANGE RATE REGIME
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPANSIONARY POLICIES
EXPORT VOLUMES
EXPORTER
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES
EXTERNAL BALANCE
EXTERNAL POSITIONS
EXTERNAL SHOCK
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEDERAL RESERVE
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
FINANCIAL CONTAGION
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL FACTORS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OPENNESS
FINANCIAL POLICIES
FINANCIAL POLICY
FINANCIAL SECTOR
FINANCIAL SECTORS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES
FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES
FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES
FORECASTS
FOREIGN ASSET
FOREIGN ASSET POSITION
FOREIGN ASSETS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN FINANCING
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN LIABILITIES
FOREIGN RESERVES
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL DEMAND
GLOBAL EXPORT
GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROWTH PROJECTIONS
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATES
HEDGE FUNDS
HOUSING FINANCE
ILLIQUID ASSETS
IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INCOME GROUPS
INCOME LEVELS
INFLATION
INFLATION TARGETING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
INTERNATIONAL RESERVE
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
LEADING INDICATORS
LEVERAGE
LIQUIDITY
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM ASSETS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC POLICY
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
MACROECONOMICS
MARKET INTEREST
MARKET RATES
MATURITY MISMATCHES
MONETARY POLICIES
MONETARY POLICY
MONETARY REGIMES
MONEY MARKET
MORAL HAZARD
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE MARKETS
MUTUAL FUND
MUTUAL FUNDS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTPUT
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIOS
POSITIVE SPILLOVER
POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS
PRICE OF OIL
PUBLIC DEBT
REAL GDP
REAL SHOCK
RECESSION
RECESSIONS
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
RESERVE ACCUMULATION
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES
RESPONSE TO SHOCKS
SECURITIES
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKETS
SYSTEMIC RISK
T-BILLS
TAX
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS
TROUGH
UNCERTAINTY
VENTURE CAPITALIST
WAGES
WEALTH
WHOLESALE FUNDS
WHOLESALE MARKET
WORLD ECONOMY
Didier, Tatiana
Hevia, Constantino
Schmukler, Sergio L.
How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?
description This paper studies the cross-country incidence of the 2008-2009 global crisis and documents a structural break in the way emerging economies responded to the global shock. Contrary to popular perceptions, emerging market economies suffered growth collapses comparable, or even larger, to those experienced by advanced economies during the crisis. With such large financial and real shock, most of the world economy came to a halt when the crisis hit, with most countries resuming their pre-crisis growth rates afterwards. While emerging economies were not able to avoid the crisis collapse, they grew at a higher rate during the post crisis, relative to before and, as usual, to advanced countries. Moreover, emerging economies initiated their recovery sooner. Breaking with the past, emerging economies were able to conduct countercyclical policies, and became more similar to developed countries in softening the impact of the crisis and in their ability to pursue expansionary policies.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
topic_facet ACCESS TO FUNDS
ADVANCED COUNTRIES
ADVANCED ECONOMIES
ASSET PRICES
ASSET VALUES
ASSETS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BANK CLAIMS
BANK LOANS
BANKRUPTCY
BUFFERS
BUSINESS CYCLE
CAPITAL FLOW
CAPITAL FLOWS
CAPITAL INFLOWS
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL OUTFLOWS
CENTRAL BANK
CENTRAL BANKS
COIN
COMMODITIES
COMMODITY
COMMODITY PRICES
CONSENSUS FORECAST
CONSUMERS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT RISK
CURRENCY
CURRENCY CRISES
CURRENCY MISMATCHES
CURRENCY VALUE
CURRENT ACCOUNT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS
CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS
DEBT
DECELERATION IN GROWTH
DEPRECIATION
DEPRESSION
DEVALUATION
DEVALUATIONS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM
DOMESTIC CREDIT
DOMESTIC CURRENCIES
DOMESTIC CURRENCY
DOMESTIC ECONOMIES
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS
DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN
EMERGING ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMERGING MARKETS
EQUITY MARKETS
EQUITY PRICES
EXCESS RETURN
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS
EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES
EXCHANGE RATE POLICY
EXCHANGE RATE REGIME
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPANSIONARY POLICIES
EXPORT VOLUMES
EXPORTER
EXPORTERS
EXPORTS
EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES
EXTERNAL BALANCE
EXTERNAL POSITIONS
EXTERNAL SHOCK
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEDERAL RESERVE
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
FINANCIAL CONTAGION
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL FACTORS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL OPENNESS
FINANCIAL POLICIES
FINANCIAL POLICY
FINANCIAL SECTOR
FINANCIAL SECTORS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES
FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES
FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS
FISCAL POLICIES
FISCAL POLICY
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES
FORECASTS
FOREIGN ASSET
FOREIGN ASSET POSITION
FOREIGN ASSETS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN FINANCING
FOREIGN FUNDS
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN LIABILITIES
FOREIGN RESERVES
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
GLOBAL DEMAND
GLOBAL EXPORT
GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROWTH PROJECTIONS
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATES
HEDGE FUNDS
HOUSING FINANCE
ILLIQUID ASSETS
IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
IMPORTS
INCOME
INCOME GROUPS
INCOME LEVELS
INFLATION
INFLATION TARGETING
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL DEBT
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
INTERNATIONAL RESERVE
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INVENTORIES
INVENTORY
LEADING INDICATORS
LEVERAGE
LIQUIDITY
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM ASSETS
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES
MACROECONOMIC POLICY
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
MACROECONOMICS
MARKET INTEREST
MARKET RATES
MATURITY MISMATCHES
MONETARY POLICIES
MONETARY POLICY
MONETARY REGIMES
MONEY MARKET
MORAL HAZARD
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE MARKETS
MUTUAL FUND
MUTUAL FUNDS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
OUTPUT
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIOS
POSITIVE SPILLOVER
POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS
PRICE OF OIL
PUBLIC DEBT
REAL GDP
REAL SHOCK
RECESSION
RECESSIONS
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
RESERVE ACCUMULATION
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES
RESPONSE TO SHOCKS
SECURITIES
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES
STOCK MARKET
STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION
STOCK MARKETS
SYSTEMIC RISK
T-BILLS
TAX
TAX REVENUES
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS
TROUGH
UNCERTAINTY
VENTURE CAPITALIST
WAGES
WEALTH
WHOLESALE FUNDS
WHOLESALE MARKET
WORLD ECONOMY
author Didier, Tatiana
Hevia, Constantino
Schmukler, Sergio L.
author_facet Didier, Tatiana
Hevia, Constantino
Schmukler, Sergio L.
author_sort Didier, Tatiana
title How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?
title_short How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?
title_full How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?
title_fullStr How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?
title_full_unstemmed How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis?
title_sort how resilient were emerging economies to the global crisis?
publishDate 2011-04-01
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110428152332
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3408
work_keys_str_mv AT didiertatiana howresilientwereemergingeconomiestotheglobalcrisis
AT heviaconstantino howresilientwereemergingeconomiestotheglobalcrisis
AT schmuklersergiol howresilientwereemergingeconomiestotheglobalcrisis
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spelling dig-okr-1098634082021-04-23T14:02:09Z How Resilient Were Emerging Economies to the Global Crisis? Didier, Tatiana Hevia, Constantino Schmukler, Sergio L. ACCESS TO FUNDS ADVANCED COUNTRIES ADVANCED ECONOMIES ASSET PRICES ASSET VALUES ASSETS BALANCE SHEET BALANCE SHEETS BANK CLAIMS BANK LOANS BANKRUPTCY BUFFERS BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL FLOW CAPITAL FLOWS CAPITAL INFLOWS CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL OUTFLOWS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANKS COIN COMMODITIES COMMODITY COMMODITY PRICES CONSENSUS FORECAST CONSUMERS CREDIBILITY CREDIT RISK CURRENCY CURRENCY CRISES CURRENCY MISMATCHES CURRENCY VALUE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS DEBT DECELERATION IN GROWTH DEPRECIATION DEPRESSION DEVALUATION DEVALUATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIRECT INVESTMENT DOMESTIC BANKING SYSTEM DOMESTIC CREDIT DOMESTIC CURRENCIES DOMESTIC CURRENCY DOMESTIC ECONOMIES DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SECTORS DOMESTIC FINANCIAL SYSTEMS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN EMERGING ECONOMIES EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY MARKETS EQUITY PRICES EXCESS RETURN EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXCHANGE RATES EXPANSIONARY POLICIES EXPORT VOLUMES EXPORTER EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXPOSURES EXTERNAL BALANCE EXTERNAL POSITIONS EXTERNAL SHOCK EXTERNAL SHOCKS FEDERAL RESERVE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK FINANCIAL COLLAPSE FINANCIAL CONTAGION FINANCIAL CRISES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL FACTORS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTEGRATION FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL OPENNESS FINANCIAL POLICIES FINANCIAL POLICY FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL SECTORS FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FINANCIAL VULNERABILITIES FINANCIALLY OPEN ECONOMIES FISCAL CONSOLIDATIONS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES FORECASTS FOREIGN ASSET FOREIGN ASSET POSITION FOREIGN ASSETS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN CURRENCY DEBT FOREIGN DEBT FOREIGN FINANCING FOREIGN FUNDS FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN LIABILITIES FOREIGN RESERVES GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL DEMAND GLOBAL EXPORT GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT ACTIONS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH PROJECTIONS GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HEDGE FUNDS HOUSING FINANCE ILLIQUID ASSETS IMPLICIT GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME LEVELS INFLATION INFLATION TARGETING INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL DEBT INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS INTERNATIONAL RESERVE INTERNATIONAL RESERVES INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES INVENTORY LEADING INDICATORS LEVERAGE LIQUIDITY LOCAL CURRENCY LONG-TERM ASSETS MACROECONOMIC POLICIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES MACROECONOMICS MARKET INTEREST MARKET RATES MATURITY MISMATCHES MONETARY POLICIES MONETARY POLICY MONETARY REGIMES MONEY MARKET MORAL HAZARD MORTGAGE MORTGAGE MARKETS MUTUAL FUND MUTUAL FUNDS OPEN ECONOMIES OPPORTUNITY COSTS OUTPUT PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOS POSITIVE SPILLOVER POSITIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS PRICE OF OIL PUBLIC DEBT REAL GDP REAL SHOCK RECESSION RECESSIONS REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS RESERVE ACCUMULATION RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES RESPONSE TO SHOCKS SECURITIES SHORT-TERM DEBT SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES STOCK MARKET STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION STOCK MARKETS SYSTEMIC RISK T-BILLS TAX TAX REVENUES TOTAL DEBT TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS TROUGH UNCERTAINTY VENTURE CAPITALIST WAGES WEALTH WHOLESALE FUNDS WHOLESALE MARKET WORLD ECONOMY This paper studies the cross-country incidence of the 2008-2009 global crisis and documents a structural break in the way emerging economies responded to the global shock. Contrary to popular perceptions, emerging market economies suffered growth collapses comparable, or even larger, to those experienced by advanced economies during the crisis. With such large financial and real shock, most of the world economy came to a halt when the crisis hit, with most countries resuming their pre-crisis growth rates afterwards. While emerging economies were not able to avoid the crisis collapse, they grew at a higher rate during the post crisis, relative to before and, as usual, to advanced countries. Moreover, emerging economies initiated their recovery sooner. Breaking with the past, emerging economies were able to conduct countercyclical policies, and became more similar to developed countries in softening the impact of the crisis and in their ability to pursue expansionary policies. 2012-03-19T18:01:57Z 2012-03-19T18:01:57Z 2011-04-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110428152332 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3408 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5637 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region