Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Latin America and the Caribbean

This study on Latin America is based on a sample of eight countries, comprising the big four economies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico; Colombia and Ecuador, two of the poorest South American tropical countries; the Dominican Republic, the largest Caribbean economy; and Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America. Together, in 2000-04, these countries accounted for 78 percent of the region's population, 80 percent of the region's agricultural value added, and 84 percent of the total gross domestic product (GDP) of Latin America. The key characteristics of these economies-which account for only 4.5 percent of worldwide Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but 7.7 percent of agricultural value added and more than 10 percent of agricultural and food exports. The table reveals the considerable diversity within the region in terms of stages of development, relative resource endowments, comparative advantages and, hence, trade specialization, and the incidence of poverty and income inequality. This means that these countries represent a rich sample for comparative study. Nicaragua's per capita income is only one-seventh the global average, while the incomes of Colombia and Ecuador are one-third of this average. By contrast, the per capita incomes of Argentina and Chile average just one-eighth below and that of Mexico is one eighth above the global average. Only Argentina, Brazil, and Nicaragua are well above the global average in endowments of agricultural land per capita; the Dominican Republic and Ecuador are well below this average; and Chile, Colombia, and Mexico are a little less than one-third above the average.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Valdés, Alberto, Anderson, Kym
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-09
Subjects:	ADVANCED ECONOMIES, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, APPLES, BALANCE SHEETS, BEEF, BORDER PRICE, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, CASSAVA, CEREALS, CLOSED ECONOMY, COCOA, COMMERCIAL POLICY, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER PRICE, CONSUMERS, CROPS, CURRENCY, DEREGULATION, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DOLLAR VALUE, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC PRICE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, EGG, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORTS, FARM POLICIES, FARMERS, FARMS, FISCAL DEFICIT, FOOD EXPORTS, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FREE MARKETS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FRUIT, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GINI COEFFICIENT, GLOBAL EXPORTS, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GRAINS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VALUE, GROUNDNUT, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INPUT PRICES, INTEGRATION, INTEREST RATES, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, MAIZE, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, MARKETPLACE, MERCHANDISE, MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, MONOPOLY, NET EXPORTS, OPEN ECONOMIES, OPEN ECONOMY, OUTPUTS, OVERVALUATION, PALM OIL, PEANUTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOMES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRICE BANDS, PRICE COMPARISONS, PRICE DISTORTION, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PRICE INCENTIVES, PRICE POLICIES, PRICE STABILITY, PRICE SUPPORT, PRICING POLICIES, PRICING POLICY, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCER PRICE, PRODUCT QUALITY, RAPID GROWTH, REAL EXCHANGE RATES, REAL GDP, REFORM PROGRAMS, RETAIL, RUBBER, SAFETY NET, SOYBEAN, SOYBEANS, SPREAD, STOCKS, SUBSTITUTION, SUGAR, TAX, TAXATION, TEA, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE TAXES, UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES, URBANIZATION, VALUE ADDED, WAGE RATES, WHEAT, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, YAM,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/600481468335994131/Distortions-to-agricultural-incentives-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28190
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