Impacts of Transmission and Distribution Projects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions : Review of Methodologies and a Proposed Approach in the Context of World Bank Lending Operations

The Strategic Framework for Development and Climate Change (SFDCC) approved in 2008 guides and supports the operational response of the World Bank Group (WBG) to new development challenges posed by climate change. One activity pursued by the SFDCC is to further develop and test methods to analyze climate risks and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the project level. The SFDCC emphasizes the need to improve GHG accounting activities at the project level to understand the implications of the World Bank's interventions. The objective of this study is to contribute to the SFDCC goal of improving GHG accounting in the energy sector by reviewing, assessing, and recommending GHG accounting methodologies for electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) projects. Existing methodologies are examined to test whether they can provide simple and accurate estimates of net project emissions. In addition, the study identifies and conceptually designs a methodological approach for T&D projects. The study focuses on the T&D sector due to its importance in the World Bank's energy lending portfolio and the lack of comprehensive methodologies to determine the impact of such interventions on GHG emissions. The study builds on existing information and relies on methodologies developed under different climate finance mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The study also considers some of the fundamental principles in other accounting procedures, such as corporate GHG accounting. Methodologies that have the objective of emissions accounting for climate finance mechanisms need to have specific characteristics, such as additionality and ex post monitoring. These methodologies must calculate a project's emissions reductions or increases by estimating the project's net emissions impact.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Madrigal, Marcelino, Spalding-Fecher, Randall
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2010-11
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, AIR, AMOUNT OF POWER, ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BASELINE EMISSIONS, BASELINE METHODOLOGIES, BASELINE METHODOLOGY, BIOMASS, BIOMASS WASTE, BOILER, BORDER TRADE, CALCULATION, CARBON, CARBON ACCOUNTING, CARBON CREDIT, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON DENSITY, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON ENERGY, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON FINANCING, CARBON FOOTPRINT, CARBON INTENSITY, CARBON LIMITS, CARBON MARKET, CARBON MARKETS, CARBON PROJECTS, CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN TECHNOLOGY, CLEAN TECHNOLOGY FUND, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CO, CO2, COAL, COMBUSTION, CONCENTRATES, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, DECREASE IN EMISSIONS, DEMAND FOR POWER, DIESEL, DIESEL POWER, DIOXIDE CARBON, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, DISTRICT HEATING, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT, EFFICIENT USE, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY SECTOR, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM, ELECTRIFICATION, EMISSION, EMISSION FACTOR, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION RATE, EMISSIONS BASELINE, EMISSIONS ESTIMATES, EMISSIONS GRID, EMISSIONS IMPACTS, EMISSIONS INCREASES, EMISSIONS LIMITATION, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, ENERGY EFFICIENCIES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY GENERATION, ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY INPUT, ENERGY MANAGEMENT, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY PORTFOLIO, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENERGY PRODUCTION FACILITIES, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, FEASIBILITY, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FORESTRY, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS, FOSSIL FUEL POWER, FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL EXTRACTION, FUEL SOURCE, FUEL TYPE, FUEL USE, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS, GENERATING CAPACITY, GENERATION CAPACITY, GENERATION MODEL, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GRID ELECTRICITY, GRID EMISSION FACTOR, GRID POWER, GRID SYSTEMS, HARD COAL, HEAT, HISTORICAL EMISSIONS, HYDROPOWER, IMPACT ANALYSIS, IMPORTS, INCOME, INDIRECT EMISSIONS, IPCC, KILOWATT HOUR, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LAND-USE CHANGE, LAND-USE CHANGE EMISSIONS, LANDFILL, LOAD FACTOR, LOAD FLOW, LOW-CARBON, MARGINAL GRID, N2O, NATIONAL EMISSIONS, NATIONAL GRID, NET EMISSIONS, NET EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, NEW PLANT, NITROUS OXIDE, OIL, PEAK DEMAND, PERFORMANCE STANDARD, PH, PILOT PROJECTS, POWER GENERATION, POWER GENERATION CAPACITY, POWER GENERATION EMISSIONS, POWER PLANT, POWER PLANTS, POWER RATING, POWER SECTOR, POWER SECTOR EMISSIONS, POWER SECTORS, POWER SOURCES, POWER STATION, POWER STATIONS, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SYSTEMS, QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY, RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, RENEWABLE POWER, RENEWABLE SOURCES, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, SCENARIOS, SF6, SOLAR POWER, SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT, SULFUR, SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE, SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, THERMAL POWER, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TRANSMISSION CAPACITY, TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION, TRANSMISSION LINE, TRANSMISSION LINES, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, UNCERTAINTIES, UTILITIES, VEHICLES, VOLTAGE, WIND, WIND ENERGY, WIND POWER, WIND POWER GENERATION, WIND RESOURCES, ZERO EMISSIONS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677291468331771712/Impacts-of-transmission-and-distribution-projects-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27755
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