Fertility Decline in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1980-2006 : A Case Study
Despite its volatile history, the Islamic Republic of Iran has performed well on social indicators, especially in providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first beginning in the late 1960s. The Iranian government introduced a family planning program during the 1960s with explicit health and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children per woman. Although the family planning program continued after the 1979 Islamic revolution, it was suspended after war broke out with Iraq in 1980. During the war, the government pursued a pronatalist population policy, including incentives for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting the rapid decline in adolescent fertility during 1997-2006, especially when compared to other Middle East and North Africa region countries. Today regional disparities in fertility exist with higher fertility in less developed districts. Yet Iran's example shows how good public policy interventions in health (including family planning) and education can reduce fertility and contribute to human development.
Summary: | Despite its volatile history, the
Islamic Republic of Iran has performed well on social
indicators, especially in providing basic services such as
health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may
have proceeded in two stages, the first beginning in the
late 1960s. The Iranian government introduced a family
planning program during the 1960s with explicit health and
demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility
declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children
per woman. Although the family planning program continued
after the 1979 Islamic revolution, it was suspended after
war broke out with Iraq in 1980. During the war, the
government pursued a pronatalist population policy,
including incentives for childbearing. The fertility decline
coincided with improvements in primary and secondary
education, possibly affecting the rapid decline in
adolescent fertility during 1997-2006, especially when
compared to other Middle East and North Africa region
countries. Today regional disparities in fertility exist
with higher fertility in less developed districts. Yet
Iran's example shows how good public policy
interventions in health (including family planning) and
education can reduce fertility and contribute to human development. |
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