World Bank study : A Health Sector in Transition to Universal Coverage in Ghana

Ghana has come a long way in improving health outcomes and it performs reasonably well when compared to the other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, when its health outcomes are compared to other countries globally with similar incomes and health spending levels, its performance is more mixed. Ghana's health outcome performances, in terms of child health and maternal health, are worse than the levels found in other comparable lower middle income and health spending countries, but life expectancy is better. Ghana's demographic profile is changing, and demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transitions are well underway. The dependency ratio is expected to be favorably affected by the expanding large numbers of individuals entering the labor force, while fertility albeit still high continues to decline. It is the right time for Ghana to take advantage of this potential demographic dividend. Taking appropriate steps to improve employment opportunities is critical or else the country will face economic pressures as well as political unrest. There is a funding shortage for public health goods. Many public health goods, such as immunization and family planning, are generally heavily subsidized, with tax or donor financing. However, Ghana has a low allocation of public funds to meet the demands for family planning commodities. The private sector has responded somewhat to this market failure by selling family planning commodities in private pharmacies, thereby increasing supply. Morbidity and mortality from communicable disease (CD) are highly prevalent in Ghana, and make up fifty three percent of the disease burden. Although, cost-effective interventions are offered, a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality is still CD related.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Saleh, Karima
Format:	Other Health Study biblioteca
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012-01-01
Subjects:	ABSTINENCE, ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVES, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCESS TO OBSTETRIC CARE, ADULT LITERACY, ADULT POPULATION, AGED, ANTENATAL CARE, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, BIRTH RATE, BREAST CANCER, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CAPITATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CAUSES OF DEATH, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD NUTRITION, CHILDREN PER WOMAN, CITIES, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CLEANLINESS, CLINICS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMPETENCIES, CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE, CONTRACEPTIVES, COUNSELING, DEATH RATE, DEATHS, DECISION MAKING, DEMOCRACY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DIABETES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHANGES, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EQUITY IN ACCESS, ESSENTIAL DRUGS, ESSENTIAL MEDICINES, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING COMMODITIES, FEE FOR SERVICE, FEMALE LITERACY, FERTILITY, FERTILITY DECLINES, FERTILITY RATE, FEWER CHILDREN, FORECASTS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH CONDITIONS, HEALTH COST, HEALTH DELIVERY, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM, HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE, HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH OF WOMEN, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PLANNING, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICE USE, HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH WORKFORCE, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HR, HUMAN RESOURCES, HYPERTENSION, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INCENTIVE SCHEMES, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INDUCED DEMAND, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INJURIES, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTERVENTION, LAB TESTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LITERACY RATES, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, MALARIA, MANAGED CARE, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, MEDICINES, MIDWIVES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOSQUITO NETS, MOTHER, MOTHER TO CHILD, MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION, NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NEONATAL CARE, NEWBORN, NEWBORN CARE, NUTRITION, OBESITY, OUTPATIENT CARE, PARASITIC DISEASES, PATIENT, PATIENTS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICIAN, PHYSICIANS, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLIO, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL UNREST, POOR HEALTH, POOR NUTRITION, POPULATION CHALLENGES, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION DYNAMICS, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, PREGNANCY, PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, PRIVATE PHARMACIES, PROVIDER PAYMENT, PROVISION OF EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS, PUBLIC HEALTH SPENDING, PUSH FACTORS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF HEALTH, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUALITY OF SERVICES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL WOMEN, SANITATION, SCREENING, SERVICE QUALITY, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SHORTAGES OF EQUIPMENT, SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL SECURITY, TEACHING HOSPITALS, TRANSPORTATION, TUBERCULOSIS, UNIVERSAL HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN SLUMS, VACCINES, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20120306000453 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2728
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