Life Chances in Turkey : Expanding Opportunities for the Next Generation

Life chances explore the state of equality of opportunities in Turkey. It builds on the concepts and ideas presented in the World Development Report 2006: equity and development. The authors assess how today's distribution of wealth and the success of children in learning to read and write are shaped by the past, by factors predetermined at birth, factors over which today's children and families have no control: one's gender, parents' and grandparents' education, region and area of birth, or mother tongue. Some of the findings are stark, especially as they pertain to how the opportunities today's children have affect the future of the country: a girl born in a remote village to a poor family and parents with primary education degrees will very likely struggle in almost every area of her development. Compared with a boy born to well-off, highly educated parents in one of the urban centers in the country's west, that girl is four times as likely to suffer from low birth weight, one-third as likely to be immunized, and ten times as likely to have her growth stunted as a result of malnutrition. Similarly she has a one-in-five chance of completing high school, whereas the boy will likely finish school and move on to college. Life chances shows how investing in early childhood education has huge payoffs, for disadvantaged children as well as social and economic development at large. This book goes beyond tradeoffs between efficiency and equity. It shows that a focus on equity, equality of opportunities, can also lead to enhanced efficiency, once the productive capabilities of all citizens are nurtured to their fullest extent regardless of the luck of the draw at birth.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Aran, Meltem, Hentschel, Jesko, Can, Raif, Gignoux, Jeremie, Ferreira, Francisco H.G., Uraz, Arzu
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2010
Subjects:	ACCESS TO FOOD, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL, ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION, ADULT POPULATION, AGE GROUPS, ANTENATAL CARE, BABY, BIRTH CERTIFICATE, CARE DURING PREGNANCY, CARE OPTIONS, CHILD CARE, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD EDUCATION, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILD PROTECTION, CHILD-CARE, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CITIZENS, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, COMPLETION RATES, DAY CARE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, DISCRIMINATION, DISSEMINATION, DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH, DROPOUT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EARTHQUAKE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, EDUCATED MOTHERS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENT FOR CHILDREN, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLLMENT RATES, EQUAL ACCESS, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, EXTENDED FAMILY, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY SUPPORT, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FERTILITY, FORMAL EDUCATION, GAP BETWEEN GIRLS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GIRLS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS ENROLLMENT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEIGHT FOR AGE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, INADEQUATE FOOD INTAKE, INEQUITIES, INFANTS, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, IODINE, IODINE DEFICIENCY, LABOR MARKET, LEARNING, LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, LEARNING MATERIALS, LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFELONG LEARNING, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MALE PARTICIPATION, MARKET ECONOMY, MARRIED WOMEN, MATERNAL NUTRITION, MEDICAL FACILITY, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MENTAL HEALTH, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MOTHER, MOTHER TONGUE, NATIONAL EDUCATION, NET ENROLLMENT, NUTRITION, OLD CHILDREN, OLD-AGE, PARENTING, PARTICIPATION RATES, PHYSICAL HEALTH, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POOR CHILDREN, POOR GIRLS, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION STUDIES, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANCY, PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY PRIMARY EDUCATION, QUALITY SCHOOLS, READING, RESPECT, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, RISK FACTORS, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SERVICE DELIVERY, SIBLINGS, SKILLED STAFF, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL MOBILITY, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, STATE PLANNING, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUNTING, TEENAGERS, TELEVISION, UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATIONS, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, WOMAN, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG PEOPLE,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20100928004532 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2505
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