Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Child-Labor Ban
This is the first study to investigate the short- and long-term causal effects of a child-labor ban. The study explores the law that increased the minimum employment age from 14 to 16 in Brazil in 1998, and uncovers its impact on time allocated to schooling and work in the short term and on school attainment and labor market outcomes in the long term. The analysis uses cross-sectional data from 1998 to 2014, and applies a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to estimate the impact of the ban at different points of individuals’ lifecycles. The estimates show that the ban reduced the incidence of boys in paid work activities by 4 percentage points or 27 percent. The study finds that the fall in child labor is mostly explained by the change in the proportions of boys working for pay and studying, and observes an increase in the proportion of boys only studying as a consequence. The results suggest that the ban reduced boys’ participation in the labor force. The study follows the same cohort affected by the ban over the years, and finds that the short-term effects persisted until 2003 when the boys turned 18. The study pooled data from 2007 to 2014 to check whether the ban affected individuals’ stock of human capital and labor market outcomes. The estimates suggest that the ban did not have long-term effects for the whole cohort, but found some indication that it did negatively affect the log earnings of individuals at the lower tail of the earnings distribution.
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Working Paper biblioteca |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2016-08
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| Subjects: | child-labor ban, labor-market experience, school attainment, regression discontinuity design, |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/08/26696289/short--long-term-effects-child-labor-ban https://hdl.handle.net/10986/25041 |
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| Summary: | This is the first study to investigate
the short- and long-term causal effects of a child-labor
ban. The study explores the law that increased the minimum
employment age from 14 to 16 in Brazil in 1998, and uncovers
its impact on time allocated to schooling and work in the
short term and on school attainment and labor market
outcomes in the long term. The analysis uses cross-sectional
data from 1998 to 2014, and applies a fuzzy regression
discontinuity design to estimate the impact of the ban at
different points of individuals’ lifecycles. The estimates
show that the ban reduced the incidence of boys in paid work
activities by 4 percentage points or 27 percent. The study
finds that the fall in child labor is mostly explained by
the change in the proportions of boys working for pay and
studying, and observes an increase in the proportion of boys
only studying as a consequence. The results suggest that the
ban reduced boys’ participation in the labor force. The
study follows the same cohort affected by the ban over the
years, and finds that the short-term effects persisted until
2003 when the boys turned 18. The study pooled data from
2007 to 2014 to check whether the ban affected individuals’
stock of human capital and labor market outcomes. The
estimates suggest that the ban did not have long-term
effects for the whole cohort, but found some indication that
it did negatively affect the log earnings of individuals at
the lower tail of the earnings distribution. |
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