Out of School and Out of Work

Using all the household survey data available in Latin America during the period 1992 to 2013, this paper estimates that in 2015, 20 million youth ages 15 to 24 years in the region were out of school and not working (making them ninis, for "ni estudian ni trabajan"). The share of out-of–school, out-of-work youth in Latin America, at about 19 percent, is roughly equal to the global average of 22 percent. Although women make up over two-thirds of the ninis in the region, the number of male ninis grew by 46 percent between 1992 and 2010. As a result, the absolute number of ninis rose over the two-decade period, even as women's education and employment rates were improving. Global comparisons show that Latin America is the region of the world with the largest concentration of ninis among households in the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution. Coupled with the long-lasting harm it causes to the youth's future labor-market outcomes, the high incidence of ninis among the poorest households tends to lock in income disparities from one generation to the next, obstructing social mobility and poverty reduction in the region.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	de Hoyos, Rafael, Popova, Anna, Rogers, Halsey
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2016-01
Subjects:	SKILLS, WORKFORCE, FORMAL EDUCATION, URBANIZATION, CARE FOR CHILDREN, DROPOUTS, SCHOOLING, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, GROUPS, HIGH POPULATION GROWTH, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, SERVICES, HEALTH, DROPOUT, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, PROJECT, CITIES, CRIME, GENDER DISPARITY, VULNERABILITY, MIDDLE SCHOOL, LABOR MARKET, POLICY RESPONSE, PREGNANCY PREVENTION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, POPULATION GROWTH, MOBILITY, YOUNG MALES, SECONDARY SCHOOL, YOUNG MALE, COMPULSORY SCHOOLING, VIOLENCE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, MARRIAGE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, RULE OF LAW, CHILD CARE, PROGRESS, UNEMPLOYMENT, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, YOUNG MEN, POLICIES, VALUES, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, PARTICIPATION, DESCRIPTION, WOMAN, AGE, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, GENDER, POLICY MAKERS, SOCIAL PROBLEM, NATIONAL LEVELS, SELF-ESTEEM, AGE GROUPS, HOUSEHOLD, URBAN AREAS, URBAN YOUTH, YOUTH, MEDIA ATTENTION, SOCIAL VALUES, MARKET, POPULATIONS, WORKSHOPS, POLICY, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, CHILDREN, PERSONAL CHOICE, EDUCATION, HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL AREAS, ILLNESS, YOUNG WOMEN, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, SCHOOL YOUTH, POPULATION, SOCIAL COHESION, INTERVENTIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, COMMUNITY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, WOMEN, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT, FORMAL SCHOOLING, MAPS, FEMALE, SECONDARY EDUCATION, HEALTH SERVICES, PREGNANCY, SOCIAL MOBILITY, YOUTH POPULATION, BOTH SEXES, PARTICIPATION RATES, AGE RANGES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, SCHOOL AGE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/01/25838527/out-school-out-work-diagnostic-ninis-latin-america https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23723
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