Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development

A low-income country, Ethiopia has made impressive progress in improving health outcomes. The Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation reported that Ethiopia has achieved Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4, three years ahead of target, with under-5 mortality at 68 per 1,000 live births in 2012. Significant challenges remain, however, with the maternal mortality ratio at 420 out of 100,000 live births. The government has introduced a three-tier public health care delivery system to deliver essential health services and ensure referral linkages, with level three as specialized hospitals (one per 3.5 million 5 million population), level two as general hospitals (one per 1 million 1.5 million), level one as primary hospitals (one per 60,000 100,000) with satellite health centers (one per 15,000 25,000) and health posts (one per 3,000 5,000). One initiative contributing greatly toward universal health coverage (UHC) is the Health Extension Program (HEP) that provides free primary care services at health posts and communities. The country is at its early stage initiating insurance schemes to provide financial protection for its citizens: Social Health Insurance (SHI) for formal sector employees and Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) for rural residents and informal sector employees. Public facilities are expected to provide exempted services for free, and there is a fee-waiver system for the poor.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Ramana, G.N.V., Wang, Huihui
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014-08
Subjects:	ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL, ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, AGGRESSIVE, AMBULATORY SERVICES, ANTENATAL CARE, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, BLOCK GRANTS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, CHILD DEATH, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILDHOOD VACCINATION, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, COUNSELING, DELIVERY SYSTEM, DIET, DISABILITY, DISSEMINATION, DOCTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES, ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES, EXERCISES, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY HEALTH SERVICES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY PLANNING, FEE-FOR-SERVICE, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FINANCIAL BARRIERS, FINANCIAL COMMITMENT, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, FIRST AID, GENERIC DRUGS, GOVERNMENT CAPACITY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE COVERAGE, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH COVERAGE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH EXTENSION, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH POSTS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH RESOURCES, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SECTOR REFORM, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPECIALIST, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH WORKFORCE, HIV, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITALS, HUMAN RESOURCES, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH, INCOME, INCOME GROWTH, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFORMAL SECTOR, INPATIENT CARE, INSURANCE SCHEMES, LABOR MARKET, LEPROSY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, LIMITED RESOURCES, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL CAPACITY, LOCAL HEALTH CENTERS, LOCAL PRODUCTION, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, MALARIA, MANDATES, MATERNAL DEATH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEDICINES, MIDWIVES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOTHER, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, NATIONAL GOALS, NATIONAL HEALTH, NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY, NATIONAL POLICIES, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NORMAL DELIVERIES, NURSES, NURSING, NUTRITION, OBSTETRIC CARE, OUTPATIENT CARE, PERSONAL HYGIENE, PHARMACY, PHYSICIANS, POCKET PAYMENTS, POLICY DECISIONS, POPULATION GROUPS, POSTNATAL CARE, PPM, PRACTITIONERS, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES, PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, PROGRESS, PROVIDER PAYMENT, PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH CARE, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC SECTOR, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF HEALTH, QUALITY OF SERVICES, REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RESOURCE NEEDS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL RESIDENTS, SAFETY MEASURES, SANITATION, SCREENING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE QUALITY, SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANCE, SMALLER HOUSEHOLDS, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL SECTORS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE HEALTH CARE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS, TRAINING OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, TREATMENT SERVICES, TUBERCULOSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, UNFPA, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, USE OF RESOURCES, USER FEES, VACCINATION, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WASTE, WORKERS, WORKPLACE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/08/20272190/ethiopia-universal-health-coverage-inclusive-sustainable-development-country-summary-report https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22571
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