Gender and Macroeconomic Policy

This report aims to show how macroeconomic policies create differential opportunities for women and men. This volume comprises nine chapters covering four broad themes: gender as a category of analysis in macroeconomics; the implications of gender for macroeconomic aggregates, in particular consumption and economic growth; the role of gender in the labor market, globalization, and access to credit; and gender budgeting. Chapters one and two address the first theme. Chapter one focuses on the macroeconomic cost to growth and development that arises from rigid gender roles and associated gender asymmetries. Chapter two documents the progress made in gender mainstreaming by highlighting developments in data collection and monitoring that have moved beyond simply disaggregating data by male and female. Chapters three and four cover the second theme. Chapter three considers the role of gender relations in the macroeconomic aggregates of consumption, savings, investment, and government expenditure and the implications for macroeconomic policy in these areas. Chapter four examines gender relations and economic growth. Chapters five through seven focus on the third theme. Chapter five examines the labor market. Chapter six examines how globalization affects gender relations, particularly employment. Chapter seven concentrates on women's access to finance and documents gender asymmetries in this market. Chapter eight, on the fourth theme, highlights the impact fiscal policies have on gender relations. It documents how policy can be made more gender specific and reports on the progress made by countries that have adopted gender-responsive government budgeting. Chapter nine summarizes what is known about gender and macroeconomic policy, noting areas in which the literature is well developed as well as areas that require further research and study.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Nallari, Raj, Griffith, Breda
Format:	Publication biblioteca
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2011-01-05
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCESS TO RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, BANK LOANS, BIASES, BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES, BIRTHS, BORROWING, CAPITAL ACCOUNTS, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CREDIT ASSOCIATION, CREDIT MARKETS, DEBT, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DISPARITIES BETWEEN GIRLS, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DISSEMINATION, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION, ECONOMIC CRISES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, ECONOMIC ROLE OF WOMEN, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EFFECTS OF GENDER, EMPLOYER, EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, ENROLLMENT, ENTREPRENEURS, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, EQUAL PAY, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY WELFARE, FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE LITERACY, FEMALE POPULATION, FEMINISM, FEMINIST, FEMINIST ECONOMICS, FEMINISTS, FINANCE ACCESS, FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FISCAL POLICIES, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER, GENDER ADVISERS, GENDER ANALYSIS, GENDER ASYMMETRIES, GENDER AWARENESS, GENDER BIASES, GENDER BLIND, GENDER BUDGETING, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER EQUALITY GOALS, GENDER EQUALITY IN RIGHTS, GENDER EQUITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INDICATORS, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, GENDER NEUTRAL, GENDER NORMS, GENDER PARITY, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SENSITIVE, GENDER SPECIFIC, GENDER STATISTICS, GENDER-RELATED ISSUES, GIRLS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUSBANDS, IDS, ILLITERACY, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INDIVIDUAL CHOICES, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMATION SERVICE, INTEGRATION OF GENDER, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOUR MARKET, LABOUR ORGANIZATION, LACK OF ACCESS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LEGAL ABORTIONS, LEGAL STATUS, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LITERACY RATES, LIVE BIRTHS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MAINSTREAMING GENDER, MARKET ECONOMY, MARRIED WOMEN, MATERNAL HEALTH, MICROCREDIT, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MOTHER, NUTRITION, OLDER WOMEN, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PARLIAMENTARY SEATS, PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN, PARTICIPATION IN DECISION, PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES, POINT OF DEPARTURE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLYGAMY, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL­AGE, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC POLICY, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, RAPE, REPRODUCTIVE ROLES, RESPECT, ROLE OF GENDER, RURAL AREAS, SAVINGS, SAVINGS RATE, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SEX, SEX DIFFERENCES, SEX DISCRIMINATION, SEX DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, SEX RATIO, SEXES, SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR, SEXUALITY, SMALL BUSINESSES, SMALL ENTERPRISE, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOURCES OF INCOME, STATUS OF WOMEN, TERTIARY EDUCATION, UNDP, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNESCO, UNIFEM, UNITED NATIONS, UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN, UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, URBAN AREAS, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WID, WOMAN, WOMEN FARMERS, WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT, WOMEN IN EDUCATION, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG WOMEN,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20110117052943 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2256
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