Keeping Warm

This report identifies the most viable heating options and related investment measures to meet heating demand in urban residential and public buildings in Tajikistan. The report provides an overview of the condition and performance of the urban heating sector and building stock, and assesses, in detail, the situation in Dushanbe and Khujand. The report gives introduction in section one. Section two gives an overview of the physical, institutional, and regulatory characteristics of the urban heating sector in Tajikistan and includes an analysis of the urban building stock. Sections three and four describe the heat supply and demand characteristics of Dushanbe and Khujand and estimate the unmet heating demand in these cities. Section five evaluates the available supply and demand side heating options and investment measures that can be implemented to improve the heating sectors in the target cities. Section six recommends priority investment measures for each building type, identifies related policy actions to facilitate implementation of the recommended investments, highlights key implementation issues, and describes the next steps necessary to implement them.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Balabanyan, Ani, Hofer, Kathrin, Finn, Johua, Hankinson, Denzel
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015-03
Subjects:	RENEWABLE RESOURCES, PRIMARY ELECTRICITY, PROCESS HEAT, FLUE GAS, RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS, COAL BOILERS, ELECTRICITY TARIFF, HEATING SYSTEMS, HEAT METERS, COAL EXTRACTION, GENERATION, COST OF ELECTRICITY, SOLAR WATER HEATERS, GAS IMPORTS, INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY, HEAT DEMAND, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT, PRICE, VOLTAGE, CLEANER, CLEAN AIR, SAFER OPERATION, PETROLEUM, COAL USE, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, AIR POLLUTION, OIL, ENERGY SOURCES, ELECTRIC SUPPLY, HOT WATER BOILERS, RESIDENTIAL ENERGY, FUEL USE, SAND, IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, THERMAL OUTPUT, EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS, STEAM TURBINES, DISTRIBUTION LOSSES, SPACE HEATERS, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, DEMAND FOR HEAT, COAL RESERVES, FUELS, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL COSTS, GREENHOUSE GASES, HEAT TRANSMISSION, HEATING SYSTEM, GASIFICATION, RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, HEAT ENERGY, ENERGY SAVINGS, FUEL SUPPLY, EMISSION, COAL GASIFICATION, PEAK LOAD, RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, AMBIENT AIR, BALANCE, ENERGY NEEDS, ELECTRICITY, CEMENT, SYNTHESIS GAS, HYDROPOWER, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, PETROLEUM GAS, PARTICULATE, ENERGY USE, TRANSMISSION LOSSES, PILOT PROJECTS, ENERGY DEMAND, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORT OF COAL, HEAT OUTPUT, TARIFF STRUCTURE, COAL, FUEL, DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, ELECTRICAL OUTPUT, FACILITIES, COAL GAS, RENEWABLE SOURCES, COST OF HEAT, EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL, REPLACEMENT OF PIPELINES, HEAT SUPPLY, PLANT EFFICIENCY, HEAT GENERATION, NATURAL GAS SUPPLY, PIPELINE, ENERGY COSTS, OPEN’ SYSTEMS, FUEL COST, APPROACH, EMPLOYMENT, POWER GRID, ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS, HEAT DELIVERY, WOOD BURNING, PEAK HEAT, DISTRICT HEATING, ACTIVITIES, ENERGY COST SAVINGS, ENERGY SOURCE, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM, EMISSIONS, GAS PRICES, POWER CONDITIONERS, MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY, ELECTRIC HEATERS, UTILITY DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT, POWER SHORTAGES, GAS, GAS CONSUMPTION, RESIDENTIAL HOUSING, HOT WATER SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY, BOILERS, HEAT PRODUCTION, BIOMASS, GENERATION CAPACITY, HEAT TARIFFS, NATURAL GAS PRICES, BOILER HOUSE, POWER SECTOR, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, ENERGY SHORTAGES, BOILER, GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, OPTIONS, ENERGY RESOURCES, SOLID FUELS, WATER, POLLUTION LEVELS, THERMAL PERFORMANCE, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, BOILER HOUSES, HEAT PUMP, POLLUTION, THERMAL ENERGY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, FUEL CONSUMPTION, PARTICULATE MATTER, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ACCESS TO ENERGY, ELECTRIC ENERGY, HEAT, ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, UTILITIES, GAS BOILERS, HEAT METERING, POWER, SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY, FLUE GAS EMISSIONS, COAL COMBUSTION, GAS SUPPLY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, GAS SUPPLIES, HEAVY FUEL OIL, HOT WATER, ELECTRICITY TARIFFS, ENERGY BILLS, ENERGY PRICES, TURBINES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, HEAT EXCHANGERS, NATURAL GAS, HEAT TARIFF, ENERGY CONSERVATION, COMBUSTION, INVESTMENT, RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY, COAL CONSUMPTION, COAL SUPPLY, TARIFF, FUEL TYPE, FUEL OIL, AVAILABILITY, INVESTMENTS, HEAVY RELIANCE, PRICE SPIKES, GASES, SPACE HEATING, PEAK HEAT DEMAND, EVAPORATION, NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION, COAL PRODUCTION, PRICES, GAS DISTRIBUTION, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, HEAT PUMPS, ENERGY,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24663881/keeping-warm-urban-heating-options-tajikistan-summary-report https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22088
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