Economic Growth, Inequality, and Poverty : Findings from a New Data Set
The author uses new data from 50 developing countries and 101 intervals to examine the impact of economic growth on poverty and inequality. He finds that growth represents an important means for reducing poverty in the developing world. When economic growth is measured by survey mean income (consumption), there is a strong, statistical link between growth and poverty reduction. When economic growth is measured by GDP per capita, the statistical relationship between growth and poverty reduction is still present, albeit not quite as strong. Economic growth reduces poverty because growth has little impact on income inequality. In the data set income inequality rises on average less than 1.0 percent a year. Since income distributions are relatively stable over time, economic growth tends to raise incomes for all members of society, including the poor. When growth is measured by survey mean income (consumption), the elasticity of poverty with respect to growth is -2.59. In other words, on average, a 10 percentage point increase in economic growth (measured by survey mean income) will produce a 25.9 percent decrease in the proportion of people living in poverty ($1 a person a day).
Summary: | The author uses new data from 50
developing countries and 101 intervals to examine the impact
of economic growth on poverty and inequality. He finds that
growth represents an important means for reducing poverty in
the developing world. When economic growth is measured by
survey mean income (consumption), there is a strong,
statistical link between growth and poverty reduction. When
economic growth is measured by GDP per capita, the
statistical relationship between growth and poverty
reduction is still present, albeit not quite as strong.
Economic growth reduces poverty because growth has little
impact on income inequality. In the data set income
inequality rises on average less than 1.0 percent a year.
Since income distributions are relatively stable over time,
economic growth tends to raise incomes for all members of
society, including the poor. When growth is measured by
survey mean income (consumption), the elasticity of poverty
with respect to growth is -2.59. In other words, on average,
a 10 percentage point increase in economic growth (measured
by survey mean income) will produce a 25.9 percent decrease
in the proportion of people living in poverty ($1 a person a day). |
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