Early Childhood Development and Education in China : Breaking the Cycle of Poverty and Improving Future Competitiveness

Neuroscience and longitudinal studies of early childhood development and education (ECDE) found that prenatal care and experiences from birth to the first six years (0-6), affect physical and brain development of children, and thereby the cognitive and socio-emotional development in subsequent stages of their lives. Lack of access to nutrition and health care, insufficient stimulating human interaction, and non-enrollment in pre-primary education are associated with lower educational attainment and achievement, which, in turn, reduce life-time earnings and potentially contribute to disruptive behavior to society. Investing in ECDE yields the highest economic returns because early learning and formation of good habits and social skills are far more productive than later, remedial education and training. The internal rates of return of rigorously evaluated ECDE programs range from 7 percent to 18 percent, which are higher than the rates of return to financial capital. Investments in ECDE are one of the most cost-effective strategies to break the inter-generational transmission of poverty, and to improve productivity and social cohesion in the long run. The report considers it highly desirable to universalize ECDE for the 0-6 age group in the long run because it equalizes opportunities and enhances the country's future competitiveness. But the report focuses on the medium term and advocates a two-pronged, pro-poor approach in the 12th Five Year Plan (2011-2015).

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Wu, Kin Bing
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2011-01
Subjects:	ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AGE GROUPS, AGED, AGING, BABIES, BABY, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC KNOWLEDGE, BILINGUAL EDUCATION, BOARDING, BOARDING SUBSIDIES, BREAST FEEDING, CAREGIVERS, CHILD CARE, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD PROTECTION, CHILD REARING, CHRONIC DISEASE, CITIZENS, CLASS SIZE, CLASSROOM, CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT, CLINICS, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMPULSORY EDUCATION, CURRICULUM, CYCLE OF POVERTY, DENTAL HEALTH, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DIABETES, DIET, DISABILITY, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATORS, EARLY EDUCATION, EARLY INTERVENTION, EARLY INTERVENTIONS, EARLY LEARNING, EARLY STIMULATION, EARLY YEARS OF LIFE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, EDUCATION FINANCE, EDUCATION SERVICES, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, ELIMINATION OF FEES, EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, ENROLLMENT, ENROLMENTS, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, EXERCISES, FAMILIES, FAMILY CARE, FAMILY EDUCATION, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING COMMISSION, FAMILY WELFARE, FIRST AID, GENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF POVERTY, GER, GIRLS, GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, GROSS ENROLMENT, GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH SERVICES, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE, HYPERTENSION, IMMUNIZATION, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INJURIES, INSTRUCTION, INSTRUCTIONAL TIME, INTERVENTION, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, IRON, KINDERGARTEN, KINDERGARTENS, LABOR FORCE, LAWS, LEADERSHIP, LEARNING MATERIALS, LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE SKILLS, LIVE BIRTH, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL CAPACITY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MEDICAL CARE, MIGRANT, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MINORITY, MORTALITY, MOTHER, NATIONAL COMMITTEE, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PLAN, NATIONAL POPULATION, NER, NET ENROLLMENT, NET ENROLLMENT RATIO, NON-FORMAL TRAINING, NUMERACY, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OBESITY, ORPHANS, PARENTING, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PEDIATRICS, PERSONALITY, PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POOR FAMILIES, POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE, PRE-NATAL CARE, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRENATAL CARE, PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, PRIMARY CAREGIVERS, PRIMARY CLASSES, PRIMARY CURRICULUM, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PROGRESS, PROPHYLAXIS, PROVISION OF SERVICES, PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUPIL-TO-TEACHER RATIO, PUPILS PER TEACHER, QUALITY CARE, READING, REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RIGHTS OF WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, RURAL CHILDREN, RURAL COUNTIES, RURAL GIRLS, RURAL RESIDENTS, RURAL SCHOOLS, RURAL STUDENTS, RURAL TEACHERS, SANITATION, SCHOOL HEALTH, SCHOOL READINESS, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, SMOKING, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL SERVICE, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL SKILLS, SPECIAL EDUCATION, STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TUITION, TV, URBAN AREAS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POPULATION, URBANIZATION, VACCINATION, WAR, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/13829205/early-childhood-development-education-china-breaking-cycle-poverty-improving-future-competitiveness https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18375
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