Moldova : Gender Disparities in Endowments and Access to Economic Opportunities

This assessment provides a broad picture of gender disparities in Moldova in agency, education, health, and access to economic opportunities. The gender gap in education is small, yet it is greatest at higher levels of education. Moldova's health indicators are significantly underperforming compared to other Europe and Central Asia (ECA) countries, and male mortality is of greatest concern. Violence against women is one of the most frequent forms of human rights violations and is widely accepted by both women and men. Male and female labor force participation rates are low, and the gender gap is small. Moldova has one of the highest rates of human trafficking among neighboring countries and is primarily a source country. This paper is structured as follows: chapter one discusses factors which may shape the process of how men and women use their endowments and utilize economic opportunities. Chapter two covers human development disaggregated by gender, focusing on education and health. Chapter three examines the gender gap in employment and opportunities, and its implications for the labor market, particularly, entrepreneurship, and career advancement for women. Chapter four makes selected policy recommendations.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Country Gender Assessment (CGA) biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2014-03-30
Subjects:	ABORTION, ABUSE, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, ADEQUATE EDUCATION, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, ADULT LITERACY, ALCOHOL ABUSE, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, ALCOHOLISM, ARMED CONFLICTS, BEATING, BIRTH CONTROL, CANCER, CAUSES OF DEATH, COMPLICATIONS, CONTRACEPTION, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, CONTROL OVER RESOURCES, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DEATH RATES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES, DISEASES, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DRUG ABUSE, DRUGS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC SITUATION, ECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATED MEN, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVES, EPIDEMIC, EQUAL ACCESS, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, EQUAL RIGHTS, EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION, EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE, FAMILY FORMATION, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS, FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE MIGRANTS, FEMALE MORTALITY, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FEWER WOMEN, FORCED MARRIAGE, FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, GAP BETWEEN GIRLS, GENDER, GENDER BIAS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SEGREGATION, GENDER STEREOTYPES, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN, HIV, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN BEINGS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, HUMAN TRAFFICKING, HUSBANDS, INFANT, INFANT HEALTH, INFANT MORTALITY, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOURNALISTS, LABOR CODE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LARGE FAMILIES, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVEL OF POVERTY, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF FERTILITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFETIME RISK, LIMITED RESOURCES, LITERACY RATES, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED WOMEN, MASCULINITY, MATERNAL DEATH, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, MATERNITY LEAVE, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY RATE, MOTHER, MULTIPLE PARTNERS, NATIONAL ACTION, NATIONAL ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL COMMITTEE, NATIONAL PLAN, NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING, NUMBER OF BIRTHS, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PARENTAL LEAVE, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL PARTIES, POPULATION DIVISION, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMAN, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PROGRESS, PROTECTION MECHANISMS, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN, PUBLIC LIFE, REMITTANCES, REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RISKY BEHAVIOR, RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, ROLE MODELS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL WOMEN, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SEX, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SEXUAL HEALTH, SKILL LEVEL, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL FACTORS, SOCIAL NORMS, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, TEENAGERS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVELS, TOLERANCE, TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, UNPLANNED PREGNANCIES, UNPROTECTED SEX, URBAN AREAS, USE OF CONDOMS, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABILITY, WOMAN, WOMEN IN POLITICS, WOMEN WITH CHILDREN, WORKFORCE, WORKING POPULATION, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG WOMEN,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/03/19393609/moldova-gender-disparities-endowments-access-economic-opportunities http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18251
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