Regional Gas Trade Projects in Arab Countries, Volumes 1 and 2

Arab countries hold about 29 percent of the world's proven gas reserves, but every country (except Qatar and Algeria) is short of the gas supply needed to meet its current and projected demand. The rapid growth in gas demand is mostly a consequence of a sharp increase in electricity consumption. Gas trade in the Arab world has been dominated by the objective of exporting gas in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to points in Asia, Europe, and North America. Gas trade within the region is limited to rather small volumes, moved from Algeria to Tunisia and Morocco; from Egypt to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon; and from Qatar to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) - all through pipelines. The shortage of gas in the Arab countries has become more pronounced, justifying the higher gas prices needed to secure imported gas or to encourage domestic gas production. Such changes in the landscape provide an impetus for the Arab world to optimize the region's gas resources, at least partly on the basis of meeting growing regional demand. The objective of this study is to assist the attempt by: (i) identifying the opportunities for gas trade through cross-border gas pipelines and LNG; (ii) assessing the economic and political aspects of the identified projects; (iii) presenting financing and implementation schemes that utilize the synergy between the public and private sector in project formulation and development; and (iv) reviewing the legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements conducive to regional gas trade. The study focuses on 16 Arab countries situated in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Although the MENA region includes some high-income countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar, and others), the emphasis of the study is on the low- and middle-income countries of the region. The study draws upon publicly available information on gas reserves, demand, and supply to carry out an economic analysis of gas trade projects and identify the prospective projects for implementation in the short to medium term.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2013-02
Subjects:	ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ANNUAL GROWTH, ASSOCIATED GAS, ASSOCIATED GAS PRODUCTION, AUGMENTATION, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BARRELS OF OIL, BARRELS PER DAY, BORDER ELECTRICITY TRADE, COAL, COMPRESSORS, CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS, CONVENTIONAL GAS, COST OF GAS, CRUDE OIL, DEMAND FOR GAS, DEMAND FOR POWER, DESALINATION, DIAMETER PIPELINE, DIESEL, DIESEL OIL, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DOMESTIC DEMAND, DOMESTIC ENERGY, DOMESTIC GAS, DOMESTIC PRICES, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION OF GAS, DOMESTIC SUPPLY, DOMESTIC USE, DRY GAS, ELECTRIC POWER, ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY PRICES, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY PRICES, ENERGY SECTOR, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, EXPORTS OF GAS, EXTRACTION, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCK TRANSPORT, FISCAL TERMS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FUEL, GAS, GAS AND ELECTRICITY, GAS AVAILABILITY, GAS BUSINESS, GAS COMPANY, GAS CONSUMPTION, GAS DEMAND, GAS DEVELOPMENT, GAS EXPLORATION, GAS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT, GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION, GAS EXPORTER, GAS EXPORTS, GAS FIELD, GAS FIELDS, GAS FLOW, GAS IMPORT, GAS IMPORTS, GAS INDUSTRY, GAS MARKETS, GAS NETWORK, GAS PIPELINE, GAS PIPELINE SYSTEM, GAS PIPELINES, GAS PRICE, GAS PRICES, GAS PRICING, GAS PRICING FRAMEWORK, GAS PRICING POLICIES, GAS PRODUCTION, GAS PROFILES, GAS PROJECTS, GAS PURCHASES, GAS RESERVE, GAS RESERVES, GAS RESERVOIR, GAS RESOURCES, GAS SALES, GAS SECTOR, GAS SECTOR REFORM, GAS SHORTAGES, GAS SUBSIDIES, GAS SUPPLIER, GAS SUPPLIERS, GAS SUPPLIES, GAS SUPPLY, GAS TRADE, GAS TRANSMISSION, GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE, GAS TRANSPORT, GAS USE, GAS-RICH COUNTRIES, GASES, GASIFICATION, GENERATING CAPACITY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEAVY FUEL OIL, HIGHER GAS, IMPORT TERMINALS, INCOME, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, INTERNATIONAL GAS TRADE, INTERNATIONAL OIL COMPANIES, KILOWATT HOUR, LIQUEFACTION, LIQUID FUELS, LNG, LNG PROJECTS, LNG TERMINAL, MARGINAL COST, MARKET CONDITIONS, METHANE, MILLION BARRELS, MILLION BARRELS PER DAY, MILLION CUBIC FEET PER DAY, MILLION TONS OF OIL, MINERAL, MINERAL RESOURCES, NATIONAL GAS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION, NATURAL GAS EXPORTS, NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY, NATURAL GAS MARKET, NATURAL GAS PRICES, NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION, NATURAL GAS RESERVE, NATURAL GAS RESERVES, NATURAL GAS RESOURCES, NUCLEAR DISASTER, NUCLEAR PLANTS, NUCLEAR POWER, NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, OFFSHORE GAS, OFFSHORE PIPELINES, OIL, OIL AND GAS, OIL COMPANIES, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL FIELDS, OIL PRODUCTION, OIL RECOVERY, OIL RESERVES, OIL TRADE, OIL WELLS, ONSHORE GAS PIPELINE, OPEC, ORGANIZATION OF ARAB PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES, PETROCHEMICALS, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES, PIPELINE, PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION, PIPELINE EXPANSION, PIPELINE FACILITIES, PIPELINE GAS, PIPELINE IMPORTS, PIPELINE PROJECT, PIPELINE PROJECTS, PIPELINE SYSTEMS, PIPELINE TRADE, PIPELINE TRANSPORT, POWER, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANT, POWER PLANTS, POWER PRODUCER, POWER SECTOR, POWER SECTORS, POWER SHORTAGES, POWER STATIONS, PRICE OF GAS, PRICE OF NATURAL GAS, PRICES FOR GAS, PRIMARY ENERGY, PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND, PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, PROBABLE RESERVES, PRODUCTION LEVEL, PRODUCTION OF GAS, PROVEN NATURAL GAS, PROVEN RESERVES, RAW GAS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, SOUR GAS, SPOT MARKET, SUPPLY COSTS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, THERMAL UNIT, TRANSMISSION CAPACITY, TREATIES, WORLD CONSUMPTION, WORLD DEMAND, WORLD ENERGY,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/19062510/regional-gas-trade-projects-arab-countries-vol-1-2-main-report https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17366
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