Who is Not Poor? Dreaming of a World Truly Free of Poverty
When the World Bank dreams of 'a world free of poverty,' what should it be dreaming? In measuring global income or consumption expenditure poverty, the World Bank has widely adopted the $1 a day standard as a lower bound. Because this standard is based on poverty lines in the poorest countries, anyone with income or expenditures below this line will truly be poor. But there is no consensus standard for the upper bound of the global poverty line: above what level of income or expenditures is someone truly not poor? This article proposes that the World Bank compute its lower and upper bounds in a methodologically equivalent way, using the poverty lines of the poorest countries for the lower bound and the poverty lines of the richest countries for the upper bound. The resulting upper bound global poverty line will be 10 times higher than the current lower bound and at least 5 times higher than the currently used alternative lower bound of $2 a day. And in tracking progress toward a world free of poverty, the World Bank should compute measures of global poverty using a variety of weights on the depth and intensity of poverty for a range of poverty lines between the global lower and upper bounds. For instance, rather than trying to artificially force the global population of 6.2 billion (a billion is 1,000 million) into just two categories 'poor' and 'not poor,' with the new range of poverty lines the estimates would be that 1.3 billion people are 'destitute' (below $1 a day), another 1.6 billion are in 'extreme poverty' (above $1 a day but below $2 dollar a day), and another 2.5 billion are in 'global poverty' (above extreme poverty but below the upper bound poverty line).
Summary: | When the World Bank dreams of 'a
world free of poverty,' what should it be dreaming? In
measuring global income or consumption expenditure poverty,
the World Bank has widely adopted the $1 a day standard as a
lower bound. Because this standard is based on poverty lines
in the poorest countries, anyone with income or expenditures
below this line will truly be poor. But there is no
consensus standard for the upper bound of the global poverty
line: above what level of income or expenditures is someone
truly not poor? This article proposes that the World Bank
compute its lower and upper bounds in a methodologically
equivalent way, using the poverty lines of the poorest
countries for the lower bound and the poverty lines of the
richest countries for the upper bound. The resulting upper
bound global poverty line will be 10 times higher than the
current lower bound and at least 5 times higher than the
currently used alternative lower bound of $2 a day. And in
tracking progress toward a world free of poverty, the World
Bank should compute measures of global poverty using a
variety of weights on the depth and intensity of poverty for
a range of poverty lines between the global lower and upper
bounds. For instance, rather than trying to artificially
force the global population of 6.2 billion (a billion is
1,000 million) into just two categories 'poor' and
'not poor,' with the new range of poverty lines
the estimates would be that 1.3 billion people are
'destitute' (below $1 a day), another 1.6 billion
are in 'extreme poverty' (above $1 a day but below
$2 dollar a day), and another 2.5 billion are in
'global poverty' (above extreme poverty but below
the upper bound poverty line). |
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