Raising Returns : The Distribution of Health Financing and Outcomes in Yemen

Given relatively few resources and lagging health outcomes in Yemen, the quest for equitable, cost-effective health care delivery continues as long-term, sustainable development remains a priority. This paper assesses overall value for money of the health system mainly as indicated by an analysis of public expenditure trends from 1997 until 2008 and by the degree to which health care benefits are conferred equitably to the population. Total health expenditure in 2007 accounted for 5.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or only PPP$ 41 per capita, with nearly 70 percent sourced by direct household payments (67 percent). Despite recent improvements in health status, Yemen continues to lag behind countries of similar or lower income and health expenditure levels. Levels of health outcomes in Vietnam, Indonesia and the Kyrgyz Republic are 2 to 6 times better than levels found in Yemen regarding the proportion of infants with low birth weight, the prevalence of malnutrition amongst children, the rate of births delivered by skilled attendants, and the rate of coverage of antenatal services. Although health facilities are relatively evenly distributed across the population, the operational status and quality of these facilities is highly variable. The availability of pharmaceuticals at health facilities ranges from 31 percent of facilities having medications on site in the governorate of Al-Maharah to 94 percent in Amran. To more effectively alleviate inequities and inefficiencies in health service delivery in Yemen, national policies are recommended to more strategically prioritize resource allocation and develop innovative service delivery models to more efficiently connect rural communities.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Elgazzar, Heba A.
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2011-02
Subjects:	ABILITY TO PAY, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ANTENATAL CARE, BEDS, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CHILD BIRTH, CHILD DELIVERY, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILD NUTRITION, CHRONIC CONDITIONS, CITIZENS, CLINICS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE, COMPLICATIONS, DEATHS, DEBT, DELIVERY CARE, DENTAL CARE, DIABETES, DISABILITY, DISPARITIES IN HEALTH, DRUGS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ELDERLY, EQUITY IN ACCESS, FAMILY CARE, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FINANCE MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL RISK, FINANCING POLICIES, GENDER PARITY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GYNECOLOGY, HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, HEALTH BURDEN, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE CENTERS, HEALTH CARE COSTS, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES, HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, HEALTH CARE INFRASTRUCTURE, HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE SPENDING, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH CLINICS, HEALTH CONDITIONS, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SECTOR REFORM, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH TRAINING, HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES, HIV, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL CARE, HOSPITAL SERVICES, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, HUNGER, ILL HEALTH, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFANTS, INFECTION PREVENTION, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INJURIES, INPATIENT CARE, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTEGRATION, INTERMEDIARIES, KIDS, LABOR FORCE, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MALARIA, MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIOS, MEDICAL SERVICES, MEDICAL SUPPLIES, MEDICINES, MENTAL HEALTH, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, NATIONAL HEALTH EXPENDITURES, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURE OF HEALTH, NURSING, NUTRITION, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, PHARMACIES, PHYSICIAN, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POPULATION GROWTH RATES, POPULATION TRENDS, PRENATAL CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES, PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROBABILITY, PROGRESS, PROVIDER PAYMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH CARE, QUALITATIVE INFORMATION, QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF HEALTH, REFERRAL SYSTEMS, REFUGEES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAMS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, RESIDENTIAL CARE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SECTORAL POLICIES, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SKILLED ATTENDANTS, SKILLED HEALTH PERSONNEL, SKILLED PERSONNEL, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL CAPACITY, TUBERCULOSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DWELLERS, USE OF HEALTH SERVICES, USER FEES, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/02/13771840/raising-returns-distribution-health-financing-outcomes-yemen https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13595
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