In situ characterization of local chicken eco-type for functional traits and production system in Fogera Woreda, Amhara Regional State
A study on characterization of local chicken eco-type for functional traits and production system was conducted at Fogera woreda of the Amhara National Regional state. Fogera woreda is one of the eight woredas bordering Lake Tana and it is predominantly classified as woinadega ecology while the annual temperature ranges form 22ºC to 29ºC. The survey report based on 72 household having chickens revealed that the flock size rage from 1 to 39. The nutritional management practices in the study area were of scavenging (main practice) and supplementary feeding. Wells and tap were the major sources of water. Most of the respondents (59.7%) used separate houses constructed exclusively for poultry. The flock management was without separation of sex or age groups and mating was random and nonseasonal. The prices of live chickens were affected by plumage color, comb type and seasonal demands (holidays and fasting seasons). Disease and shortage of supplementary feeds were the two major production barriers of expanding poultry production. Out of the 100 birds studied, the following plumage color pattern was observed in their respective proportions: complete white (Netch) (23%), complete black (Tikure) (7%), complete red (key) (39%), white with black or red tips (Netch Teterma) (4%), grayish mixture (Gebsima) (5%), red with white trips (key teterma) (2%), black with white tips (Tikure teterma) (2%) white with Brest part golden color (Libework) (8%), multi color (Anbsema) (2%), white with red strips (seran) (4%), and red brownish (Kokima) (4%). In term of body shape, most of the chicken population observed had a body shape of wedge and a crest (Gutya) head profile. Almost all of the male chicken had spur, while only half of the female chicken had spur. No shank feather was observed both in Male and Female chicken. For mature hens and cocks, the average shank length was 7.25 cm and 9.32 cm, respectively. The average body length was 17.75 cm and 21 cm for female and male, respectively. The ratio of cock to hen was found to be 1:3.21. On the other hand, the effective population size (Ne) and rate of change in inbreeding coefficient (F) per year were 3.9 and 1.95, respectively. The monitoring data revealed that average number of eggs laid per clutch per hen was 13.19, while the average number of eggs incubated was 12.97, average number of chicks hatched was 10.23, the average number of chicks weaned was 7.63, the average of hen’s age was 19.20 months and average weight of hens was 1.21 kg. The performance of egg production characters egg weight, yolk color, yolk weight albumin weight, shell weight and shell thickness were, 44.89m, 9.06, 16.28 gm, 22.13 gm, 5.52 gm, and 0.45 cm, respectively. On the other hand, the dressing percentage was found to be 58.5% for male and 49.38% for Female. All these findings indicated that the local eco-type, despite the relatively high temperature (it goes up to 30ºC) and the swampy (wet land) Fogera plain have good potential for egg and meat production. Thus they could be used in other places with similar weather and environmental conditions.
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Haramaya University
2008-04
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| Subjects: | chickens, breeding methods, |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/679 |
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| Summary: | A study on characterization of local chicken eco-type for functional traits and production system was conducted at Fogera woreda of the Amhara National Regional state. Fogera woreda is one of the eight woredas bordering Lake Tana and it is predominantly classified as woinadega ecology while the annual temperature ranges form 22ºC to 29ºC. The survey report based on 72 household having chickens revealed that the flock size rage from 1 to 39. The nutritional management practices in the study area were of scavenging (main practice) and supplementary feeding. Wells and tap were the major sources of water. Most of the respondents (59.7%) used separate houses constructed exclusively for poultry. The flock management was without separation of sex or age groups and mating was random and nonseasonal. The prices of live chickens were affected by plumage color, comb type and seasonal demands (holidays and fasting seasons). Disease and shortage of supplementary feeds were the two major production barriers of expanding poultry production. Out of the 100 birds studied, the following plumage color pattern was observed in their respective proportions: complete white (Netch) (23%), complete black (Tikure) (7%), complete red (key) (39%), white with black or red tips (Netch Teterma) (4%), grayish mixture (Gebsima) (5%), red with white trips (key teterma) (2%), black with white tips (Tikure teterma) (2%) white with Brest part golden color (Libework) (8%), multi color (Anbsema) (2%), white with red strips (seran) (4%), and red brownish (Kokima) (4%). In term of body shape, most of the chicken population observed had a body shape of wedge and a crest (Gutya) head profile. Almost all of the male chicken had spur, while only half of the female chicken had spur. No shank feather was observed both in Male and Female chicken. For mature hens and cocks, the average shank length was 7.25 cm and 9.32 cm, respectively. The average body length was 17.75 cm and 21 cm for female and male, respectively. The ratio of cock to hen was found to be 1:3.21. On the other hand, the effective population size (Ne) and rate of change in inbreeding coefficient (F) per year were 3.9 and 1.95, respectively. The monitoring data revealed that average number of eggs laid per clutch per hen was 13.19, while the average number of eggs incubated was 12.97, average number of chicks hatched was 10.23, the average number of chicks weaned was 7.63, the average of hen’s age was 19.20 months and average weight of hens was 1.21 kg. The performance of egg production characters egg weight, yolk color, yolk weight albumin weight, shell weight and shell thickness were, 44.89m, 9.06, 16.28 gm, 22.13 gm, 5.52 gm, and 0.45 cm, respectively. On the other hand, the dressing percentage was found to be 58.5% for male and 49.38% for Female. All these findings indicated that the local eco-type, despite the relatively high temperature (it goes up to 30ºC) and the swampy (wet land) Fogera plain have good potential for egg and meat production. Thus they could be used in other places with similar weather and environmental conditions. |
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