Biodegradable organic matters as potential sources of coffee nutrition in coffee plantation in India
In India coffee in grown under the cover of mixed shade trees comprising of leguminous and non leguminous trees unlike in most of other coffee growing countries in the world. This vegetation coupled with coffee leaf litter and wastes form the primary sources of soil organic matter in coffee plantations. Recently thrust is being given to the production of organically grown coffee all over the world. Under this context, organic matter flow in soils, addition of tree litters, loppings, rate of transfer of nutrients form decomposed organic matter, coffee processing wastes like fruit skin, pulp and husk, and mulches their proper utilization through recycling assume greater importance in coffee nutrition. Chemical fertilizer usage in coffee plantations is a century old process and based on series of experimental evidences, tentative recommendations were made to growers to achieve high production and satisfactory productivity. It is strongly felt and evinced from the experimental demonstrations that management of litter from shade trees and coffee, recycling of by - product water from on farm processing of coffee can parly meet the nutritional requirement of coffee. It is estimated that both coffee arabica and robusta remove 40 - 45 Kg N. 7.9 Kg P2O5 and 45.58 Kg of K2O per 1000 Kg of clean coffee. Approximately 200 Kg of NPK is retained in plant biomass of the field producing 1000 Kg clean coffee. Ten thousand Kg leaf litter per ha. per annum is reported to be available under mixed canopy of all the shades maintained under different conditions in India contributing roughly 40 - 60 Kg N. 30 - 33 Kg P2O5 and 40-60 K2O per ha. per annum through mineralization. Coffee fruits on wet processing produce pulp and fruit skins to the tune of 40 per cent and mucilage to the extent of 12-13 per cent. Processing of 6000 Kg of fruits produces roughly organic dry wastes of one tonne. Recycling of all the farm wastes in coffee plantations are thus recommended for better economic cultivation of coffee. The organic nutrient sources, their composition and use are discussed in this paper
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | biblioteca |
| Published: |
Mar
|
| Subjects: | COFFEA ARABICA, NUTRICION DE LAS PLANTAS, APLICACION DE FERTILIZANTES, FERTILIZANTES NPK, ABONOS VERDES, ABONOS ORGANICOS, PULPA DE CAFE, ARBOLES DE SOMBRA, APROVECHAMIENTO DE DESECHOS, |
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| Summary: | In India coffee in grown under the cover of mixed shade trees comprising of leguminous and non leguminous trees unlike in most of other coffee growing countries in the world. This vegetation coupled with coffee leaf litter and wastes form the primary sources of soil organic matter in coffee plantations. Recently thrust is being given to the production of organically grown coffee all over the world. Under this context, organic matter flow in soils, addition of tree litters, loppings, rate of transfer of nutrients form decomposed organic matter, coffee processing wastes like fruit skin, pulp and husk, and mulches their proper utilization through recycling assume greater importance in coffee nutrition. Chemical fertilizer usage in coffee plantations is a century old process and based on series of experimental evidences, tentative recommendations were made to growers to achieve high production and satisfactory productivity. It is strongly felt and evinced from the experimental demonstrations that management of litter from shade trees and coffee, recycling of by - product water from on farm processing of coffee can parly meet the nutritional requirement of coffee. It is estimated that both coffee arabica and robusta remove 40 - 45 Kg N. 7.9 Kg P2O5 and 45.58 Kg of K2O per 1000 Kg of clean coffee. Approximately 200 Kg of NPK is retained in plant biomass of the field producing 1000 Kg clean coffee. Ten thousand Kg leaf litter per ha. per annum is reported to be available under mixed canopy of all the shades maintained under different conditions in India contributing roughly 40 - 60 Kg N. 30 - 33 Kg P2O5 and 40-60 K2O per ha. per annum through mineralization. Coffee fruits on wet processing produce pulp and fruit skins to the tune of 40 per cent and mucilage to the extent of 12-13 per cent. Processing of 6000 Kg of fruits produces roughly organic dry wastes of one tonne. Recycling of all the farm wastes in coffee plantations are thus recommended for better economic cultivation of coffee. The organic nutrient sources, their composition and use are discussed in this paper |
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