Quality reference values for rare earth elements in soils from one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil

ABSTRACT: Environmental impacts caused by the addition of rare earth elements (REEs) to agricultural soils are a growing concern. The sedimentary basin of the Gurguéia River is located in one of the last agricultural frontiers in Brazil; nevertheless, data regarding quality reference values (QRVs) for REEs in soils are still scarce. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the natural concentration and establish the QRVs of REEs in soils of Gurguéia watershed, Brazil. Fifty-five composite soil samples were collected at sites under no or minimal anthropic interference. The average REE natural concentrations in soils from the Gurguéia watershed were lower than those found in other regions of Brazil and worldwide, following the order (mg kg−1): Ce (14.01) > Nd (6.19) > La (5.52) > Pr (2.51) > Sm (1.45) > Gd (0.93) > Dy (0.63) > Er (0.42) > Yb (0.39) > Tb (0.28) > Eu (0.26) > Lu (0.20). The parent material was the main factor that controlled the distribution of REEs in soils. The QRVs in soils followed the order (mg kg−1): Ce (18.8) > Nd (7.92) > La (6.32) > Pr (3.3) > Sm (1.97) > Gd (1.35) > Dy (0.85) > Er (0.55) > Yb (0.47) > Tb (0.37) > Lu (0.25). These values serve as a basis to assist the development of legislation, including REE thresholds for Brazilian soils.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Silva,Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da, Oliveira,Eliabe Barros de, Silva,Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da, Nascimento,Clístenes Williams Araújo do, Silva,Tatiana dos Santos, Boechat,Cácio Luiz, Teixeira,Marcos Paulo Rodrigues, Barbosa,Ronny Sobreira, Singh,Vijay P., Sena,Antonny Francisco Sampaio de
Format:	Digital revista
Language:	English
Published:	Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" 2021
Online Access:	http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162021000701401
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