Characterizing microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on intestinal epithelial cells : insight into the role of structure and size: Structure–activity relationships of non-digestible oligosaccharides

Purpose: The direct effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), including Vivinal® GOS syrup (VGOS) and purified Vivinal® GOS (PGOS), on the epithelial integrity and corresponding interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) release were examined in a Caco-2 cell model for intestinal barrier dysfunction. To investigate structure–activity relationships, the effects of individual DP fractions of VGOS were evaluated. Moreover, the obtained results with GOS were compared with Caco-2 monolayers incubated with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. Methods: Caco-2 monolayers were pretreated (24 h) with or without specific oligosaccharides or DP fractions of VGOS (DP2 to DP6) before being exposed for 12 or 24 h to the fungal toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Transepithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow permeability were measured to investigate barrier integrity. A calcium switch assay was used to study the reassembly of tight junction proteins. Release of CXCL8, a typical marker for inflammation, was quantified by ELISA. Results: In comparison with PGOS, FOS and inulin, VGOS showed the most pronounced protective effect on the DON-induced impairment of the monolayer integrity, acceleration of the tight junction reassembly and the subsequent CXCL8 release. DP2 and DP3 in concentrations occurring in VGOS prevented the DON-induced epithelial barrier disruption, which could be related to their high prevalence in VGOS. However, no effects of the separate DP GOS fractions were observed on CXCL8 release. Conclusions: This comparative study demonstrates the direct, microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on the intestinal barrier function and shows the differences between individual galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides. This microbiota-independent effect of oligosaccharides depends on the oligosaccharide structure, DP length and concentration.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Akbari, Peyman, Fink-Gremmels, Johanna, Willems, Rianne H.A.M., Difilippo, Elisabetta, Schols, Henk A., Schoterman, Margriet H.C., Garssen, Johan, Braber, Saskia
Format:	Article/Letter to editor biblioteca
Language:	English
Subjects:	CXCL8, Caco-2 cells, Degree of polymerization, Intestinal permeability, Non-digestible oligosaccharides, Tight junctions,
Online Access:	https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/characterizing-microbiota-independent-effects-of-oligosaccharides
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