In From the Shadow : Integrating Europe's Informal Labor

This book is about Magda and Jacek and millions of others like them, who earn a living working full- or part-time in Europe's untaxed markets for goods, services, and labor. Magda was certified as a hairdresser years ago, and she's very proud of the salon apprenticeship she did shortly after. She learned a lot and made good friends but was never fully comfortable working for somebody else. Jacek's clients pay him in cash, and he pays his men in cash as well. He sometimes needs to show a license to get the trade price on parts and materials. But he can keep it up-to-date by declaring only part of what he actually earns to the tax office. This book ventures a general conclusion about what policy makers can do to bring more economic activity in from the shadow: Although it may be necessary to improve the structural incentives created by taxation, social protection policies, and labor market regulation, doing so is not sufficient for substantive improvement to be achieved. To back up this general conclusion, the book presents a large body of evidence indicating that much more than the fairly mechanical incentive structures of taxation, social policy, and labor market regulation is at work in shaping the circumstances that lead people into the shadowy unregulated and untaxed markets for goods, services, and labor.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Packard, Truman, Koettl, Johannes, Montenegro, Claudio E.
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESSIBILITY, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTABILITY STRUCTURES, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY, ADVISORY SERVICES, AGE GROUP, AUDITING, AUTONOMY, AVERAGE WAGE, BENEFICIARIES, BLACK MARKET, BUDGET DEFICITS, CC, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, COMPLIANCE COSTS, CONTRIBUTION RATE, COOPERATIVES, CORRUPTION, COTTAGE INDUSTRY, COUNTRY COMPARISONS, CREDIBILITY, CREDITS, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISCRIMINATION, DISMISSAL, DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME, DOMESTIC WORKERS, DRIVERS, EARNING, EARNINGS, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE, ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYER, EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK, EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION, EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP, EMPLOYMENT SHARE, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ENTREPRENEURS, ETHNIC MINORITY, EXCLUSION, FAMILIES, FAMILY BENEFITS, FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FIRM SIZE, FISCAL CONSTRAINTS, FISCAL POLICY, GENDER, GLOBALIZATION, GOOD FAITH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SERVICES, HOLDING, HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUSBAND, IMPLICIT TAX, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME SECURITY, INCOME SUPPORT, INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS, INCOME TAX, INCOME TAX CREDITS, INCOME TAXES, INEQUALITY, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL LABOR MARKET, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL WORKER, INFORMAL WORKERS, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSTRUMENT, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTRINSIC MOTIVATION, JOB CREATION, JOB LOSS, JOB SEARCH, JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE, JOB SEEKERS, JOBS, LABOR CONTRACT, LABOR CONTRACTS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR FORCE SURVEYS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET REGULATION, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LAWS, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEGAL PROTECTIONS, LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, LEGAL RIGHT, LIMITED ACCESS, LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT, MARKET WAGES, MICRODATA, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, MINORITY GROUP, MINORITY GROUPS, MISREPORTING, MORAL HAZARD, MOTIVATION, NEW ENTRANTS, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OLD-AGE PENSION, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, PENSION PLANS, PENSIONS, PERSONAL INCOME, PERSONAL INCOME TAXES, POLITICAL PROCESS, PRESENT EVIDENCE, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCT MARKET, PRODUCT MARKET REGULATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FINANCES, PUBLIC SERVICES, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, REAL ESTATE, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, RETURN, RIGHT TO WORK, RISK CONTROL, RISK MANAGEMENT, RULE OF LAW, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SALARIED EMPLOYMENT, SAVINGS, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE SECTORS, SEVERANCE PAY, SHADOW ECONOMIES, SHADOW ECONOMY, SICK LEAVE, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIOLOGISTS, START-UP, START-UP CAPITAL, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, TAX ADMINISTRATION, TAX BURDEN, TAX COMPLIANCE, TAX LIABILITIES, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAX REFORM, TAX RETURNS, TAX SYSTEM, TAX SYSTEMS, TAXATION, TRADE UNION, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNFAIR COMPETITION, UNION, UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS, WAGE BILL, WAGE INCREASES, WAGE LEVEL, WAGE LEVELS, WAGE SUBSIDIES, WITHDRAWAL, WORKER, WORKERS, YOUNGER WORKERS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/16439042/shadow-integrating-europes-informal-labor https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9377
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