The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation
The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting.
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Bibliographic Details
| Main Authors: |
Chellaraj, Gnanaraj,
Maskus, Keith E.,
Mattoo, Aaditya |
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| Language: | English |
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| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2005-05
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| Subjects: | CAREERS,
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES,
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE,
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES,
DOCTORAL DEGREES,
ECONOMIC GROWTH,
ECONOMIC MODELS,
ECONOMISTS,
ELASTICITIES,
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS,
EMPLOYMENT,
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERS,
ENROLLMENT,
EXPENDITURES,
FOREIGN STUDENTS,
GRADUATE EDUCATION,
GRADUATE PROGRAMS,
GRADUATE STUDENTS,
HIGHER EDUCATION,
HTML,
IMMIGRATION,
INNOVATION,
INNOVATIONS,
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION,
INVENTIONS,
LABOR FORCE,
LEARNING,
LEGISLATION,
MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY,
MEDIA,
MIGRANTS,
MOTIVATION,
NEW TECHNOLOGIES,
NEW TECHNOLOGY,
PAPERS,
PATENTS,
PRIVATE SECTOR,
PRODUCTIVITY,
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH,
PROPERTY RIGHTS,
PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES,
QUOTAS,
REAL WAGES,
RESEARCH FUNDING,
ROYALTIES,
SCHOOL DROPOUTS,
SCHOOLS,
SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT,
SECONDARY EDUCATION,
SKILLED WORKERS,
STUDENT ENROLLMENT,
STUDY ABROAD,
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE,
TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
TECHNICAL TRAINING,
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE,
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT,
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION,
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION,
TERMS OF TRADE,
TRAINING PROGRAMS,
UNDERGRADUATES,
UNEMPLOYMENT,
UNIVERSITIES,
UNIVERSITY GRANTS,
WAGES,
WORKERS, |
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/05/5800523/contribution-skilled-immigration-international-graduate-students-innovation
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8957
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