Governance Matters IV : Governance Indicators for 1996-2004
The authors present the latest update of their aggregate governance indicators, together with new analysis of several issues related to the use of these measures. The governance indicators measure the following six dimensions of governance: (1) voice and accountability; (2) political instability and violence; (3) government effectiveness; (4) regulatory quality; (5) rule of law, and (6) control of corruption. They cover 209 countries and territories for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2004. They are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 37 separate data sources constructed by 31 organizations. The authors present estimates of the six dimensions of governance for each period, as well as margins of error capturing the range of likely values for each country. These margins of error are not unique to perceptions-based measures of governance, but are an important feature of all efforts to measure governance, including objective indicators. In fact, the authors give examples of how individual objective measures provide an incomplete picture of even the quite particular dimensions of governance that they are intended to measure. The authors also analyze in detail changes over time in their estimates of governance; provide a framework for assessing the statistical significance of changes in governance; and suggest a simple rule of thumb for identifying statistically significant changes in country governance over time. The ability to identify significant changes in governance over time is much higher for aggregate indicators than for any individual indicator. While the authors find that the quality of governance in a number of countries has changed significantly (in both directions), they also provide evidence suggesting that there are no trends, for better or worse, in global averages of governance. Finally, they interpret the strong observed correlation between income and governance, and argue against recent efforts to apply a discount to governance performance in low-income countries.
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Bibliographic Details
| Main Authors: |
Kaufmann, Daniel,
Kraay, Aart,
Mastruzzi, Massimo |
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| Language: | English |
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| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2005-06
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| Subjects: | ACCOUNTABILITY,
ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURE,
AGGREGATE CORRUPTION INDICATOR,
AGGREGATE GOVERNANCE,
AGGREGATE GOVERNANCE INDICATOR,
AGGREGATE GOVERNANCE INDICATORS,
AGGREGATE INDICATOR,
AGGREGATE INDICATORS,
AGGREGATION METHOD,
AGGREGATION PROCEDURE,
AMNESTY,
BUREAUCRACY,
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT,
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SURVEYS,
CAUSAL IMPACT,
CHANGES IN,
CIVIL SOCIETY,
COMMERCIAL RISK RATING AGENCIES,
COMPARISONS ACROSS COUNTRIES,
COMPOSITE INDICATORS,
COMPOSITE MEASURES,
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT,
CONTROL OF CORRUPTION,
CORRUPTION,
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS,
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX,
COUNTRY GOVERNANCE,
COUNTRY RANKINGS,
COUNTRY RATINGS,
CPI,
CRIME,
DATA AVAILABILITY,
DECISION-MAKING,
DIMENSIONS OF GOVERNANCE,
DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNANCE,
DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNANCE ESTIMATES,
DOMESTIC FIRMS,
EXCHANGE OF IDEAS,
FISCAL,
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE,
GOOD GOVERNANCE,
GOVERNANCE COMPONENT,
GOVERNANCE DATA,
GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT,
GOVERNANCE ESTIMATE,
GOVERNANCE ESTIMATES,
GOVERNANCE INDICATOR,
GOVERNANCE INDICATORS,
GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE,
GOVERNMENT,
GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS,
GRAND CORRUPTION,
HUMAN RIGHTS,
IMPORTANCE OF MEASUREMENT ERROR,
IMPROVEMENT IN GOVERNANCE,
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNANCE,
INCIDENCE OF MARKET-UNFRIENDLY POLICIES,
INCOME,
INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY,
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY,
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT,
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS,
INVESTMENT CLIMATE,
LEVELS OF GOVERNANCE,
LOW INCOME COUNTRIES,
MEASUREMENT ERROR,
MEASUREMENT ERROR IN GOVERNANCE,
MISCLASSIFYING COUNTRIES,
MISGOVERNANCE,
NATIONS,
PER CAPITA INCOME,
PER CAPITA INCOMES,
PERCEPTIONS INDEX,
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS,
POLICY IMPLICATIONS,
POLICY RESEARCH,
POLITICAL INSTABILITY,
POLITICAL STABILITY,
POOR GOVERNANCE,
PUBLIC POLICY,
PUBLIC POWER,
PUBLIC SERVICE,
PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY,
QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE,
QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE ACROSS COUNTRIES,
QUALITY OF PUBLIC,
REGULATORY BURDEN,
REGULATORY QUALITY,
RULE OF LAW,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY,
TAX BURDEN,
TRANSPARENCY,
UNOBSERVED COMPONENTS MODEL,
UNOBSERVED GOVERNANCE,
Microdata Set, |
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/06/5864078/governance-matters-iv-governance-indicators-1996-2004-vol-1-2
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8221
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