Landlockedness, Infrastructure and Trade : New Estimates for Central Asian Countries

This paper assesses the impact of internal infrastructure and landlockedness on Central Asian trade using a panel gravity equation estimated on a large sample of countries (167 countries over 1992-2004). The panel structure of the dataset makes it possible to control for country-pair specific effects (as opposed to the usual importer and exporter effects) that would otherwise be captured by the coefficients of time-invariant variables such as distance or landlockness. Our findings highlight the need to pursue a dual policy agenda. First, transit corridors are regional public goods and should be managed as such through international cooperation. International Financial Institutions can -and do- play a key role in this regard through assistance, coordination and policy dialogue. Second, the Central Asian countries should actively seek diversification of their transit corridors to prevent the creation or maintenance of monopoly positions in transit and bottleneck points such as trans-shipment platforms.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Grigoriou, Christopher
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2007-08
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE VALUE, ACCESS TO THE SEA, AIM, AIR, AIRPORTS, ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT, BILATERAL IMPORTS, BILATERAL TRADE, BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS, BORDER CROSSING, BORDER CROSSINGS, BORDER TRADE, BOTTLENECKS, BOXES, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAUSE FOR CONCERN, CD, CENTRAL ASIAN, CENTRAL PLANNING, CIF, COMMODITIES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, CONTAINERS, COST OF TRANSPORT, COSTS OF TRAVEL, CROSSING, CURRENCY, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS CHARGES, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, ELASTICITY OF TRADE, ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES, EXOGENOUS VARIABLES, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, EXPORT VOLUMES, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TRADE, EXTREME POVERTY, FOREIGN TRADE, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS, FREIGHT, FREIGHT COSTS, FREIGHT PAYMENTS, FREIGHT RATES, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, GDP, GDP DEFLATOR, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL MARKETS, GRAVITY EQUATION, GRAVITY MODEL, GRAVITY MODELS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH TRANSPORT, INCOME LEVELS, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT, INVENTORY, JOURNEY, LAND TRANSPORT, LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES, MARGINAL COST, MODES OF TRANSPORT, MONOPOLIES, MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, MONOPOLY, MULTILATERAL TRADE, OIL PRICES, PACIFIC REGION, PASSENGERS, PORT FACILITIES, PRICE INDEX, PUBLIC GOOD, QUALITY OF TRANSIT, RAIL, RAIL CONNECTIONS, RAIL CORRIDOR, RAIL NETWORK, RAIL NETWORKS, RAIL ROUTE, RAILROAD, RAILROADS, RAILWAY, RAILWAY LINES, RAILWAYS, REAL EXCHANGE RATE, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, REGIONALISM, REGIONALIZATION, ROAD, ROAD CARGO, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD MAINTENANCE, ROAD NETWORK, ROADS, ROUTE, ROUTES, RURAL ROADS, SHIPMENTS, SHIPPING, SHIPPING COSTS, SPECIALIZATION, STOCKS, TERMS OF TRADE, TRADE COSTS, TRADE DATA, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE MORE, TRADE PARTNERS, TRADE PATTERNS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE VOLUMES, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC DENSITY, TRAFFIC FLOWS, TRANSIT, TRANSIT CORRIDOR, TRANSIT CORRIDORS, TRANSIT COUNTRIES, TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSIT SERVICES, TRANSIT TIMES, TRANSIT TRADE, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT FACILITATION, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, TRUCKS, UTILITY FUNCTION, UTILITY MAXIMIZATION, VOLUME OF TRADE, WORLD MARKETS, WTO,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8185264/landlockedness-infrastructure-trade-new-estimates-central-asian-countries https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7294
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