Energy and Emissions : Local and Global Effects of the Rise of China and India

Part 1 of the paper reviews recent trends in fossil fuel use and associated externalities. It also argues that the recent run-up in international oil prices reflects growing concerns about supply constraints associated with declining spare capacity in OPEC, refining bottlenecks, and geopolitical uncertainties rather than growing incremental use of oil by China and India. Part 2 compares two business as usual scenarios with a set of alternate scenarios based on policy interventions on the demand for or supply of energy and different assumptions about rigidities in domestic and international energy markets. The results suggest that energy externalities are likely to worsen significantly if there is no shift in China's and India's energy strategies. High energy demand from China and India could constrain some developing countries' growth through higher prices on international energy markets, but for others the "growth retarding" effects of higher energy prices are partially or fully offset by the "growth stimulating" effects of the larger markets in China and India. Given that there are many inefficiencies in the energy system in both China and India, there is an opportunity to reduce energy growth without adversely affecting GDP growth. The cost of a decarbonizing energy strategy will be higher for China and India than a fossil fuel-based strategy, but the net present value of delaying the shift will be higher than acting now. The less fossil fuel dependent alternative strategies provide additional dividends in terms of energy security.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Shalizi, Zmarak
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2007-04
Subjects:ACID RAIN, AGGREGATE LEVEL, AIR, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, AIR TRAFFIC, AUTOMOBILE, AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY, AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP, AUTOMOBILES, BALANCE, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BARRELS PER DAY, BICYCLES, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS GAS, BOTTLENECKS, BUSES, CARBON, CARBON CONTENT, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARS, CHANGES IN ENERGY INTENSITY, CLEAN COAL, COAL, COAL COMBUSTION, COAL CONSUMPTION, COAL GASIFICATION, COAL PRODUCERS, COAL PRODUCTION, COAL RESOURCES, COAL USE, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL REGIONS, COMMERCIAL CRUDE, COMMERCIAL CRUDE OIL, COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY, COMMERCIAL FUELS, CONSUMER OF ENERGY, CONSUMPTION OF COAL, CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL, CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM, CRUDE OIL, CRUDE OIL DEMAND, CRUDE OIL PRICES, CRUDE OIL STOCKS, CRUDE OIL USE, CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DEMAND FOR MOBILITY, DEMAND FOR OIL, DIESEL, DOMESTIC EMISSIONS, DOMESTIC ENERGY, DOMESTIC ENERGY RESOURCES, DOMESTIC FUEL, DOMESTIC SUPPLY, DRIVERS, DRIVING, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRIC POWER, ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, EMISSION, EMISSION CHANGES, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY AUDITS, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY DEMAND GROWTH, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EMISSIONS, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY INTENSIVE, ENERGY MARKETS, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, ENERGY RESEARCH, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY STRATEGIES, ENERGY STRATEGY, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, EXTERNALITIES, FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION, FINANCIAL BURDEN, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION, FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS, FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY, FOSSIL FUEL USE, FOSSIL FUELS, FREIGHT, FUEL OIL, FUEL SWITCHING, GAS, GAS CONSUMPTION, GASOLINE, GENERATING CAPACITY, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL ENERGY USE, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH IN ENERGY USE, HEAVY RELIANCE, HIGH ENERGY, HIGH ENERGY DEMAND, HIGH OIL PRICES, HIGHER ENERGY PRICES, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY NETWORK, HYDROELECTRIC POWER, INDUSTRIAL BOILERS, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, INVESTMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY, MODE OF TRANSPORTATION, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, NUCLEAR ENERGY, NUCLEAR POWER, OIL, OIL DEMAND, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL FIELDS, OIL IMPORTS, OIL PIPELINE, OIL PRICE, OIL PRICES, OIL PRODUCTS, OIL REFINERIES, OIL SHOCKS, OIL SUPPLIES, OIL USE, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PEAK HOURS, PER CAPITA ENERGY, PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION LEVELS, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER, POWER GENERATING CAPACITY, POWER SECTOR, POWER SHORTAGES, POWER STATIONS, PRIMARY ENERGY, PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION, PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, PRODUCTION CAPACITY, PRODUCTION OF COAL, PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY, PROVEN RESERVES, RAILWAYS, ROAD, ROAD SECTOR, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, SODIUM, SOLAR POWER, SOURCE OF ENERGY, SPOT PRICE, SULFUR, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SUPPLY DISRUPTIONS, SUPPLY OF OIL, THERMAL POWER, TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORTATION, TRUCK TRAFFIC, TRUCKS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN SPRAWL, VEHICLE, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLE MILES, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VEHICLES, VOLTAGE, WASTE, WATER, WIND, WORLD DEMAND, WORLD ENERGY, WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL, WORLD ENERGY MARKETS, WORLD OIL, WORLD OIL MARKET,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/04/7537867/energy-emissions-local-global-effects-rise-china-india
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7056
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