Armed Conflict and Schooling : Evidence from the 1994 Rwandan Genocide

Civil war, and genocide in particular, are among the most destructive of social phenomena, especially for children of school-going age. In Rwanda school enrollment trends suggest that the school system recovered quickly after 1994, but these numbers do not tell the full story. Two cross-sectional household surveys collected before and after the genocide are used to compare children in the same age group who were and were not exposed to the genocide - and their educational outcomes are substantially different. Children exposed to the genocide experienced a drop in educational achievement of almost one-half year of completed schooling, and are 15 percentage points less likely to complete third or fourth grade. Sustained effort is needed to reinforce educational institutions and offer a "second chance" to those youth most affected by the conflict.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Akresh, Richard, de Walque, Damien
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-04
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADULTS, AGE COHORT, ARMED CONFLICT, ARMED CONFLICTS, AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, AVERAGE SCHOOLING, BOMBING, BOMBINGS, CHILDREN OF SCHOOL-GOING AGE, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, COMBATANTS, COMPLETION RATE, COMPLETION RATES, CURRENT POPULATION, DEATHS, DEMOBILIZATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISARMAMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, ENROLLMENT, EXCESS MORTALITY, FEMALE SCHOOLING, FIGHTING, FIRST GRADE, GENERATION OF CHILDREN, GENOCIDE, GIRLS, GRADE COMPLETION RATE, GRAVE, GRAVES, HIGHER EDUCATION, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMF, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, INTERNATIONAL BANK, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LITERACY, MASSACRE, MILITIA, MINORITY, MORTALITY, MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, OLD AGE, OLDER CHILDREN, ORPHANS, PEACE, PEACE RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL TURMOIL, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION STUDIES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PROGRESS, PUBLIC SERVICES, RADIO, REBEL, RECONSTRUCTION, REFUGEES, REPATRIATION, REPETITION RATES, RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOL-AGE, SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, SCHOOLING OF GIRLS, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOLDIERS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, TEACHERS, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, WAGES, WARS, YOUNG AGES, YOUNG CHILD, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/04/9481304/armed-conflict-schooling-evidence-1994-rwandan-genocide https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6646
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