Innovation, Inclusion, and Integration : From Transition to Convergence in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall the transition countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have witnessed dramatic changes in outputs, the nature of jobs, standards of living, patterns of trade and the quality of education and health services. Yet, during much of this period, institutions that shape firm behavior and outcomes, most notably the business environment, have been converging toward those in developed market economies. The countries that acceded to the European Union in 2004 are the furthest advanced in this process. The countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) are followers but are some distance behind. The six regional flagship studies produced by the Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank during the last five years, of which this volume is a synthesis and culmination, attest to this evolution from their particular perspectives. Those studies have covered productivity growth, the enhancement of job opportunities, trade and integration, migration and remittances, poverty and inequality and the challenges posed by aging populations. All the reports in this series offer specific policy recommendations that are intended to help the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union promote economic growth and foster higher living standards in the rapidly changing world in which they are undertaking the transition to a market economy.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Mitra, Pradeep
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC : World Bank 2008
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BANKS, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKING, BENCHMARKS, BETWEEN-FIRM EFFECT, BETWEEN-FIRM EFFECTS, BUYER, BUYERS, CENTRAL PLANNING, COMMAND ECONOMY, COMMODITY, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COMPETITIVE PRESSURE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONTRIBUTION, CONTRIBUTIONS, DIRECT INVESTMENT, DISPLACED WORKERS, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC BOOM, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC MOBILITY, ECONOMIC RECOVERY, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, EMPLOYMENT RATE, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT REPORT, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EXCESS SUPPLY, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL DATA, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SECTORS, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FINDING EMPLOYMENT, FIRM ENTRY, FIRM PRODUCTIVITY, FIRM SIZE, FIRM SIZE DISTRIBUTION, FIRM TURNOVER, FOREIGN COMPETITION, FREE TRADE, FUTURE GROWTH, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GNP, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, GROWTH RATE, HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD SAVING, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INCOME TAX, INCOMES, INCREASE IN INCOME, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, INNOVATIONS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, JOB CREATION, JOB DESTRUCTION, JOB DESTRUCTION RATE, JOB SKILL, JOB SKILLS, JOB TRAINING, JOB VACANCY, JOBS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET REFORM, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LARGE FIRMS, LENDERS, LIFELONG LEARNING, LIQUIDITY, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-TERM CARE, LOW EMPLOYMENT, LOW INCOME, LOW-INCOME, LOWER INCOME, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, MARKET ECONOMIES, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKETING, MIGRANT LABOR, MONOPOLY, NATURAL RESOURCES, NET EMPLOYMENT, NEW ENTRANTS, OCCUPATIONS, ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT, OUTPUTS, PATENTS, PENSION, PENSION REFORM, PENSION REFORMS, PENSIONS, PER CAPITA INCOMES, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, PRIVATE FIRMS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PROBABILITY, PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIES, PRODUCTIVITY GAINS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS, PROSPERITY, PUBLIC SAVINGS, PURCHASING POWER, REAL WAGE, REAL WAGES, RECESSION, REGULATORY POLICY, RETAINED EARNINGS, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENT AGE, RETIREMENT AGES, RETRAINING PROGRAMS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE SECTOR, SERVICE SECTORS, SEVERANCE PAYMENTS, SKILL REQUIREMENTS, SKILLED WORKERS, SMALLER FIRMS, SOCIAL COSTS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS, STOCKS, SUBSIDIARY, SURVIVAL RATES, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE SERVICES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TRADE POLICY, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPORT, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED POOR, UNSKILLED LABOR, VALUE ADDED, WAGE, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE GAINS, WAGE GROWTH, WAGE INCREASES, WAGES, WESTERN EUROPE, WITHIN-FIRM EFFECT, WITHIN-FIRM PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, WORKER, WORKING ADULTS, WORKING AGE, WORKING AGE POPULATION, WORKING POOR, WORLD TRADE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9660471/innovation-inclusion-integration-transition-convergence-eastern-europe-former-soviet-union https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6475
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