Density and Disasters : Economics of Urban Hazard Risk

Today, 370 million people live in cities in earthquake prone areas and 310 million in cities with high probability of tropical cyclones. By 2050, these numbers are likely to more than double. Mortality risk therefore is highly concentrated in many of the world s cities and economic risk even more so. This paper discusses what sets hazard risk in urban areas apart, provides estimates of valuation of hazard risk, and discusses implications for individual mitigation and public policy. The main conclusions are that urban agglomeration economies change the cost-benefit calculation of hazard mitigation, that good hazard management is first and foremost good general urban management, and that the public sector must perform better in generating and disseminating credible information on hazard risk in cities.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Deichmann, Uwe, Lall, Somik V.
Language:	English
Published:	2009-12-01
Subjects:	ALLIANCES, APARTMENT, APARTMENT BUILDINGS, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, BANKS, BARGAINING, BUILDING CODE, BUILDING CODES, CAPITALIZATION, CITY SIZE, CIVIL WAR, CLIMATE CHANGE, COLLATERALIZATION, COLLECTIVE ACTION, CONSTRUCTION, COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, DAMAGES, DEBT, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISASTER, DISASTER EVENTS, DISASTER MITIGATION, DISASTER REDUCTION, DISASTER RISK, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, DISASTERS, DISCOUNT RATES, DROUGHT, DWELLING, DWELLING UNITS, EARLY WARNING, EARTHQUAKE, EARTHQUAKES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUILIBRIUM, ERUPTIONS, EXTERNALITIES, FATALITIES, FAULT LINE, FAULT LINES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FIRE, FIRE FIGHTING, FLOOD, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD DAMAGE, FLOOD INSURANCE, FLOODING, FLOODS, GARBAGE COLLECTION, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, HAZARD MANAGEMENT, HAZARD MAP, HAZARDOUS AREAS, HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSING, HOUSING CONDITIONS, HOUSING MARKET, HOUSING MARKETS, HOUSING PRICES, HOUSING SUPPLY, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, HURRICANE, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME TAXES, INFORMATION ECONOMICS, INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE, INNOVATION, INSURANCE, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, INSURER, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LAND DEVELOPMENT, LAND ECONOMICS, LAND MARKET, LAND PRICES, LAND RECLAMATION, LAND SUPPLY, LAND USE, LAND USE PLANNING, LAND USE REGULATIONS, LAND USE RESTRICTIONS, LANDLORD, LANDSLIDE, LANDSLIDES, LARGE CITIES, LAWS, LEGISLATION, LIGHTING, LOCAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENT BORROWING, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MANDATES, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MARKET MECHANISM, METROPOLITAN CITIES, MIGRATION, MONITORING TECHNOLOGY, MORAL HAZARD, MORTALITY, MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL DISASTER, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL HAZARD, NATURAL HAZARDS, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, OIL, OIL SPILLS, PENALTIES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONCENTRATION, POPULATION GROWTH, PRESENT VALUE, PRICE DIFFERENCES, PRIVATE ASSETS, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPERTY TAXES, PROPERTY VALUES, PUBLIC AGENCIES, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC POLICY, REAL ESTATE, REAL ESTATE TAXES, RENT CONTROLS, RENTS, RESETTLEMENT, RESIDENTIAL AREAS, RESPONSE TO DISASTER, RISK ANALYSIS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SAFETY, SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SKILLED WORKERS, SLUM, SLUMS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL COSTS, SPATIAL PATTERNS, SQUATTERS, STORM, STORMS, SUPPLIERS, TAXATION, TOWNS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORT, TROPICAL CYCLONES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN ECONOMY, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN LAND, URBAN PLANNING, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN PUBLIC FINANCE, URBAN PUBLIC SERVICES, URBAN SERVICES, URBANIZATION, USER CHARGES, VOLCANO, VOLCANOES, WAGE RATES, WAGES, WELFARE GAINS, WETLANDS, ZONING,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091229205549 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4348
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