Why Have CO2 Emissions Increased in the Transport Sector in Asia? Underlying Factors and Policy Options

Rapidly increasing emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 emissions growth in selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The analysis splits the annual emissions growth into components representing economic development; population growth; shifts in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 emissions growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors considered, three - economic development, population growth, and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for driving up transport sector CO2 emissions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic development and population growth are responsible in the case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 emissions exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that some existing policy instruments help reduce transport sector CO2 emissions, although they were not necessarily targeted for this purpose when introduced.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Timilsina, Govinda R., Shrestha, Ashish
Language:	English
Published:	2009-10-01
Subjects:	AIR, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR QUALITY, AIR TRANSPORT, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, ANNUAL EMISSIONS, APPROACH, AUTOMOBILES, AUTOMOTIVE FUEL, AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY, AVIATION FUEL, AVIATION GASOLINE, BIKES, BIO-FUELS, BUS, BUS LANES, BUS SERVICES, BUS SYSTEMS, BUSES, CAR, CAR MANUFACTURERS, CAR OWNERSHIP, CARBON, CARBON CONTENT, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON EMISSION INTENSITY, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON INTENSITY, CARS, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN ENERGY, CLEAN FUELS, CLEANER FUELS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CO, CO2, COAL, COMBUSTION, COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, COMMUTERS, CONGESTION, CONGESTION CHARGES, CONGESTION PRICING, CONGESTION REDUCTION, CRUDE OIL, DECOMPOSITION METHOD, DIESEL, DIESEL OIL, DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT, DOMESTIC AVIATION, DRIVERS, DRIVING, EFFICIENT VEHICLE, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, EMISSION, EMISSION CHANGE, EMISSION COEFFICIENTS, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION GROWTH, EMISSION INTENSITY, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSION TRENDS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM FREIGHT TRANSPORT, EMISSIONS FROM FUEL, EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION, EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION, EMISSIONS GROWTH, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY SHORTAGES, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS, ETHANOL, EXCISE TAX, EXCISE TAXES, FLEETS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION, FOSSIL FUELS, FREIGHT, FREIGHT TRAFFIC, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FUEL, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL DEMAND, FUEL ECONOMY, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS, FUEL MARKET, FUEL OIL, FUEL PRICES, FUEL SUBSTITUTION, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL TYPE, FUEL USE, FUELS, GASOLINE, GASOLINE PRICES, GHG, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEAVY FUEL OIL, HIGHWAY, HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL, HYDRO-POWER, INCOME TAX, INDUSTRIAL CO2 EMISSIONS, INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS, INTERNATIONAL AVIATION, IPCC, KEROSENE, LIGHT RAIL, LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS, LIGHTER VEHICLES, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES, MASS TRANSIT, MILEAGE, MODAL SHARE, MODAL SHARES, MODAL SHIFT, MODE OF TRANSPORT, MODE OF TRANSPORTATION, MOTOR GASOLINE, MOTORISTS, NATIONAL EMISSIONS, NATURAL GAS, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, PASSENGER TRIPS, PASSENGER VEHICLE, PASSENGERS, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, PICKUP TRUCKS, PIPELINE, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER, POWER GENERATION, POWER SECTOR, POWER SECTORS, PP, PRICE OF DIESEL, PRIVATE TRANSPORT, PRIVATE VEHICLES, PUBLIC TRANSIT, PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, RAIL, RAIL TRANSPORT, RAIL TRANSPORTATION, RAILWAY, RAPID TRANSIT, RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS, REGULAR GASOLINE, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, ROAD, ROAD MAINTENANCE, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD VEHICLES, ROADS, SPEEDS, SUBWAY, SUGAR CANE, TAX, TAX PAYMENTS, TAX RATE, TAXES ON DIESEL, TAXIS, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRAFFIC GROWTH, TRANSIT BENEFITS, TRANSIT SYSTEMS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT ACTIVITY, TRANSPORT ENERGY USE, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT POLICY, TRANSPORT POLICY INSTITUTE, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT SERVICE, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY, TRANSPORTATION DATA, TRANSPORTATION FUELS, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, TRAVEL DEMAND, TRIP, TRUCKS, TRUE, URBAN PASSENGER, URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT, URBAN TRANSPORT, UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY, VEHICLE, VEHICLE CLASSES, VEHICLE EFFICIENCY, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLE FUEL, VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY, VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY, VEHICLE MODEL, VEHICLE OCCUPANCY, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP RATES, VEHICLE POPULATION, VEHICLES,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027103858 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4290
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