Second-Generation Biofuels : Economics and Policies

Recent increases in production of crop-based (or first-generation) biofuels have engendered increasing concerns over potential conflicts with food supplies and land protection, as well as disputes over greenhouse gas reductions. This has heightened a sense of urgency around the development of biofuels produced from non-food biomass (second-generation biofuels). This study reviews the economic potential and environmental implications of production of second-generation biofuels from a variety of various feedstocks. Although second-generation biofuels could significantly contribute to the future energy supply mix, cost is a major barrier to increasing commercial production in the near to medium term. Depending on various factors, the cost of second-generation (cellulosic) ethanol can be two to three times as high as the current price of gasoline on an energy equivalent basis. The cost of biodiesel produced from microalgae, a prospective feedstock, is many times higher than the current price of diesel. Policy instruments for increasing biofuels use, such as fiscal incentives, should be based on the relative merits of different types of biofuels.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Carriquiry, Miguel A., Du, Xiaodong, Timilsina, Govinda R.
Language:	English
Published:	2010-08-01
Subjects:	ACID, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AIR, AIR QUALITY, ALFALFA, ALGAL BIOMASS, ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ANIMAL FEED, ANNUAL CROPS, APPROACH, ASH, AVAILABILITY, BARLEY, BARRELS PER DAY, BIO-DIESEL, BIODIESEL, BIOENERGY, BIOFUEL, BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, BIOFUELS, BIOFUELS INDUSTRY, BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, BIOMASS, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION, BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK, BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, BIOMASS FOR ENERGY, BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, BIOMASS MATERIALS, BIOMASS PROCESSING, BIOMASS PRODUCTION, BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY, BIOMASS YIELD, BIRDS, CALCULATION, CARBOHYDRATES, CARBON, CARBON BALANCE, CARBON DEBT, CARBON IN SOILS, CARBON REDUCTION, CELLULOSE, CELLULOSIC ETHANOL, CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK, CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, CHEMICALS, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CO, CO2, COMMERCIALIZATION, COMMODITY, CONSERVE SOIL, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, CONVERSION FACILITY, CONVERSION PROCESS, CORN, CORN COBS, CORN ETHANOL, CORN STOVER, CROP, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP RESIDUE, CROP RESIDUES, CROP YIELDS, CRUDE OIL, CULTIVATION, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADED AREAS, DIESEL, DRY BIOMASS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION INCREASES, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY CROP, ENERGY CROPS, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY FROM BIOMASS, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY PRICES, ENERGY PROJECTS, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS, ENZYMES, ESTERS, ETHANOL, ETHANOL GASOLINE, ETHANOL INDUSTRY, ETHANOL PLANT, ETHANOL PLANTS, ETHANOL PRODUCTION, ETHANOL YIELD, FAO, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCK COST, FEEDSTOCK COSTS, FEEDSTOCK DEMAND, FEEDSTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, FEEDSTOCK HANDLING, FEEDSTOCK PRICES, FEEDSTOCKS, FERMENTATION, FLUE GAS, FOOD CROPS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FORAGE CROPS, FOREST, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST RESIDUES, FOREST THINNING, FORESTRY, FORESTRY PRODUCTION, FORESTS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL DIESEL, FOSSIL ENERGY, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL ETHANOL, FUEL PRODUCTION, FUEL WOOD, GENERATION, GHG, GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY, GRAIN, GRAIN CROPS, GRAINS, GRASSES, GRAZING, GREASE, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, HARVESTING, HAY, HEAT, HEAT EXCHANGERS, HEMICELLULOSE, HYBRID POPLAR, HYBRID SYSTEM, HYBRID SYSTEMS, JATROPHA, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LIGNIN, LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS, LIPIDS, LIQUID FUELS, MAIZE, MARGINAL LANDS, METHANOL, MICROALGAE, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NITROGEN, NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT, OIL, OIL CRISIS, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL EXTRACTION, OIL PRICE, OIL PRICES, OIL YIELD, OIL YIELDS, OILS, OILSEEDS, ORGANIC MATTER, PESTICIDES, PETROLEUM, PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENERGY CAPTURE, PLANT BIOMASS, POTENTIAL YIELDS, POWER, POWER PLANT, PRICE OF GASOLINE, PRICE VOLATILITY, PRODUCE, PRODUCTION COST, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTION METHODS, PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS, PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, PYROLYSIS, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAPESEED, RAPESEED OIL, RAPESEEDS, RAW BIOMASS, RAW MATERIALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE FUEL, RENEWABLE FUELS, RESIDUE FEEDSTOCKS, RICE HUSKS, RICE STRAW, RURAL AREAS, SOIL TYPE, SOLAR ENERGY, SORGHUM, SOURCE OF FUEL, SOYBEAN OIL, SOYBEANS, SPOT MARKETS, SPRING, STEAM TURBINE, SUGAR, SUGARCANE, SUGARCANE BAGASSE, SUGARCANE ETHANOL, SUGARS, SUPPLY CURVE, TAX CREDIT, TAX INCENTIVES, TEMPERATURE, TILLAGE, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORTATION FUELS, TREE SPECIES, TREES, UNEP, UNIT OPERATIONS, UTILITIES, VEGETABLE OIL, VEGETABLE OILS, VEHICLES, WASTE PRODUCTS, WHEAT, WHOLESALE PRICES, WILDLIFE HABITAT, WIND, WINTER WHEAT, WOOD PROCESSING, WOOD PROCESSING MILL RESIDUES, WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100830090558 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3891
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