What Did the Maoists Ever Do for Us? Education and Marriage of Women Exposed to Civil Conflict in Nepal

Between 1996 and 2006, Nepal experienced violent civil conflict as a consequence of a Maoist insurgency, which many argue also brought about an increase in female empowerment. This paper exploits within and between-district variation in the intensity of violence to estimate the impact of conflict intensity on two key areas of the life of women in Nepal, namely education and marriage. Overall conflict intensity had a small, positive effect on female educational attainment, whereas abductions by Maoists had the reverse effect. Male schooling was not significantly affected by either conflict measure. Conflict intensity and Maoist abductions during school age both increased the probability of early female marriage, but exposure to conflict during marriageable age does not appear to have affected women's long-term marriage probability.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Valente, Christine
Language:	English
Published:	2011-07-01
Subjects:	AGE AT MARRIAGE, ALCOHOLISM, ARMED CONFLICT, AUTONOMY OF WOMEN, AVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL, BATTLE, BLOCKADE, BOMBING, BOMBINGS, CENTER FOR POPULATION, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD MORTALITY, CITIZENS, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, COMPARATIVE EDUCATION, COMPLETION RATE, CONFLICT CHARACTERISTICS, CONFLICT RESEARCH, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, CONFLICTS, COUNTERFACTUAL, COUNTERPARTS, CULTURAL CHANGE, DEATHS, DEMOCRACY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DROUGHT, EARLY MARRIAGE, EARLY MARRIAGES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EFFECT ON POPULATION GROWTH, ELECTIONS, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENT RATES, ETHNIC GROUPS, FACT SHEET, FAMILY FORMATION, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY HEALTH DIVISION, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY RESOURCES, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALE EMPOWERMENT, FEMALE ENROLLMENT, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE PRIMARY ATTAINMENT, FEMALE SCHOOLING, FERTILITY, FERTILITY DECLINE, FEWER WOMEN, FEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION, FIGHTING, FIRST BIRTH, FORCED MIGRATION, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENOCIDE, GIRLS, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, HUSBANDS, IDEAS, IMPACT OF CONFLICT, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS, INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS, INFERIOR POSITION, INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, LABOR MARKET, LAND REDISTRIBUTION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED WOMEN, MIGRATION, MIGRATION DATA, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONS, OLD MEN, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PARENTS, PEACE, PEACE RESEARCH, PHYSICAL INTEGRITY, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, POLYGAMY, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION RESEARCH, POPULATION STUDIES, POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY COMPLETION, PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE, PRIMARY COMPLETION RATES, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PRIVATE SCHOOLING, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PROGRESS, RAPE, RAPE VICTIMS, REBEL, REBELS, RECONSTRUCTION, REFUGEE, REGIONAL DIFFERENCES, RELIGIOUS GROUPS, REMITTANCES, RESPECT, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, RURAL, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECURITY FORCES, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SOCIAL CHANGE, SOCIETY, SPOUSES, TEACHERS, TEENAGERS, TEENS, TORTURE, UNESCO, URBAN AREAS, VIOLENT CONFLICT, WAR, WARFARE, WARS, WOMAN, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110727141812 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3504
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