Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa

Swaziland and Lesotho have the highest HIV prevalence in the world. They also share another distinct feature: during the last century, they sent a large numbers of migrant workers to South African mines. This paper examines whether participation in mining in a bordering country affects HIV infection rate. A job in the mines means leaving for long periods away from their families and living in an area with an active sex industry. This creates potential incentives for multiple, concurrent partnerships. Using Demographic and Health Surveys, the analysis shows that migrant miners ages 30-44 are 15 percentage points more likely to be HIV positive, and women whose partner is a migrant miner are 8 percentage points more likely to become infected. The study also shows that miners are less likely to abstain or use condoms, and female partners of miners are more likely to engage in extramarital sex. The authors interpret these results as suggesting that miners' migration into South Africa has increased the spread of HIV/AIDS in their countries of origin. Consistent with this interpretation, the association between HIV infection and being a miner or a miner's wife are not statistically significant in Zimbabwe, a country where the mining industry is local and does not involve migrating to South Africa.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Corno, Lucia, de Walque, Damien
Language:	English
Published:	2012-02-01
Subjects:	ABSTINENCE, ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, ADULT POPULATION, AGE GROUPS, AGED, AIDS EPIDEMIC, ANTENATAL CLINICS, BEHAVIORAL CHANGES, BG, BULLETIN, COHABITING COUPLES, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, CONDOM, CONDOM USE, CONDOMS, CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DANGERS, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISEASE CONTROL, DISEASES, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, EDUCATED WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EPIDEMIC, EPIDEMICS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXTRAMARITAL SEX, FACT SHEET, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL, FAMILY PLANNING, FEMALE, FEMALES, FIRST MARRIAGE, FORMAL EDUCATION, FREQUENT USE OF CONDOMS, GENDER, GENDERS, GENITAL ULCERS, GIRLFRIENDS, GLOBAL COMMISSION, GLOBAL COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HEALTH SURVEYS, HERPES, HERPES SIMPLEX, HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS, HIGH RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK GROUPS, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV POSITIVE, HIV PREVENTION, HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, HIV TESTING, HIV TRANSMISSION, HIV/AIDS, HOME, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUSBAND, HUSBANDS, ILLITERACY, ILLNESSES, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, IMPACT OF MIGRATION, INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, INFECTION RATE, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LAWS, LUNG DISEASE, MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS, MARRIAGES, MARRIED MEN, MARRIED WOMAN, MARRIED WOMEN, MEDICINE, MIGRANT, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL AIDS, NATIONAL AIDS COMMISSION, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, NUMBER OF WORKERS, OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, OLDER MEN, OLDER PARTNERS, PANDEMIC, PERMANENT RESIDENCE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION CENSUS, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVALENCE, PREVALENCE RATE, PREVALENCE RATES, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, PREVENTION STRATEGIES, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICES, RADIO, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF EXPOSURE, RISK OF INFECTION, RISKY BEHAVIORS, RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SEX, SEX INDUSTRY, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUAL BEHAVIORS, SEXUAL CONTACTS, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUAL INTERCOURSES, SEXUAL NETWORKS, SEXUAL PARTNERS, SEXUAL PRACTICES, SEXUAL RELATION, SEXUAL RELATIONS, SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP, SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS, SEXUAL TRANSMISSION, SEXUALLY ACTIVE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SINGLE MEN, SMALL COUNTRIES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SPOUSE, TEENAGERS, TELEVISION, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRANSMISSION RATES, TUBERCULOSIS, UNAIDS, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, USE OF CONDOMS, VIRAL LOADS, VIRGINITY, VULNERABILITY, WIDOWERS, WIFE, WILL, WIVES, WOMAN, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG WOMEN,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120213084729 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3251
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