Ghana - Job Creation and Skills Development : Main Report

According to Government, Ghana is facing many challenges in the area of skill development and job creation. The Government is particularly concerned with: (i) unemployment among the youth (6.1 percent in 2005 for 15-24 years old), which has been attributable to the rapid population growth rate of the youth, the rapid urbanization rate, the quality of labor supply, and low labor absorption rate of the economy; and (ii) the external efficiency of the education training system and its ability to supply the skills demanded by a diversified and competitive economy. Moreover, other related concerns include: channeling economic growth toward creating jobs, including 'good jobs'; better understanding the functioning of the informal sector; explaining the mismatch between skills development and jobs; improving labor market indicators; monitoring and evaluating employment programs' outcomes; reviewing the role of labor market regulations in job creation; and reforming technical vocational education and training (TVET) systems. The key objective of Ghana's development policy is to accelerate economic growth and put the creation of new and better jobs at the center of the Government agenda. In this context, and complementing the recent Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) and earlier Bank's work on youth employment, this report addresses labor market challenges that Ghana is facing, particularly as it strives for middle income status by 2015. This report: (a) briefly reviews the determinants of labor demand; (b) analyzes labor market outcomes based on recent survey data; (c) reviews the role of labor policies, institutions and programs; and (d) examines education and skills development policies and their links to labor market outcomes.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2009-05-29
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING, ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT, AGE GROUP, ANNUAL EARNINGS, AVERAGE EARNINGS, AVERAGE GROWTH, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BRAIN DRAIN, BUDGETING, BUSINESS CLIMATE, CALCULATION, COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION, COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, COMMODITY, CONSUMER, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONTRIBUTION, COST OF LABOR, CRAFTSMEN, CREATING JOBS, CURRICULUM, DEPRECIATION, DISMISSAL, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DOMESTIC MARKET, DRIVERS, EARNING, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, EMPLOYMENT POLICY, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, EMPLOYMENT RATE, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT SITUATION, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FIRING COSTS, FIRM PERFORMANCE, FIRM SIZE, FIRM SURVEY, FISCAL MANAGEMENT, FORMAL EDUCATION, FORMAL SECTOR WAGE, FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, GROSS WAGE, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, INCOME, INCOME SUPPORT, INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS, INCOMES, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, INFLATION, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, INITIAL CAPITAL, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, JOB CREATION, JOB SEEKERS, JOBS, LABOR ABSORPTION, LABOR COST, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE GROWTH, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR LAW, LABOR LAWS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET ARRANGEMENT, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, LABOR MARKET POLICY, LABOR MARKET REGULATION, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR POLICIES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR REALLOCATION, LABOR REGULATION, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOR UNIONS, LARGE FIRMS, LITERACY, LOW INCOME, LOW-INCOME, LOWER INCOME, MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MANPOWER, MARKET PARTICIPANTS, MARKET TRENDS, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT, NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, NEW JOB, NEW JOBS, NON-WAGE COSTS, OCCUPATION, OLDER WORKERS, PAYING JOBS, PENSION, PENSION REFORM, PENSION REFORMS, PENSION SCHEMES, PENSION SYSTEM, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRELIMINARY RESULTS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SOURCE, PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE, PRIVATE TRAINING, PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, PRODUCT MARKETS, PRODUCTIVE WORK, PRODUCTIVITY GAINS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, PUBLIC WORK, PUBLIC WORK SCHEMES, RAPID POPULATION GROWTH, RE-EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, REAL ESTATE, RESPONSIBILITIES, RURAL POVERTY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SALARIED WORKERS, SALARY, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SENIOR, SERVICE SECTOR, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKFORCE, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS, SOCIAL WELFARE, STAKEHOLDERS, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, TEMPORARY JOBS, TEMPORARY WORKERS, TERMINATION, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, TOTAL WAGE, TRADE UNION, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING SYSTEM, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNION MEMBERSHIP, UNION WAGE PREMIUM, UNREALISTIC EXPECTATIONS, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, URBAN EMPLOYMENT, URBAN POPULATION, VALUABLE, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGE BILL, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE GAINS, WAGE GAP, WAGE NEGOTIATIONS, WAGE POLICIES, WAGE POLICY, WAGE PREMIUM, WAGE RATES, WORK FORCE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKING AGE, WORKING AGE POPULATION, WORKING LIVES, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20090713005120 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3072
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