Kenya - HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis

In 2007, an estimated 33.2 million people in the world were living with HIV, and despite twenty years of prevention programmes, an estimated 2.5 million new infections occurred in that year. Underpinning the shortcoming in the prevention response is the inadequate use of evidence to inform the response. The result has been largely ineffective prevention interventions, with non-optimal use of available resources and the loss of early opportunities to address the unique factors driving infection in the populations most at risk within the country. The overall objective of this study is: 'to contribute to the ongoing efforts to understand the epidemic and response in Kenya and thus help the country improve the scope (doing the right kind of activities), relevance (with the right populations) and comprehensiveness (reaching all members of target populations) with HIV prevention efforts', with an ultimate goal of helping Kenya make more effective HIV/AIDS-related decisions. The report then assesses the relevance, comprehensiveness and cost of major HIV responses in relation to the epidemiological analysis and policy environment, and draws some conclusions about the state of the epidemic and about whether the prevention responses (and the resources allocated to them) are congruent with the evidence on where resources should best be directed. This study describes the epidemiology of HIV in Kenya over time: trends in HIV prevalence and incidence, magnitude and current phase of the epidemic, the main transmission pathways for new infections; and the heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic (by sex, geography, age group, and risk behaviors).

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2009-03-01
Subjects:	ABSTINENCE, ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, ADULT POPULATION, AGED, AGING, AIDS CASE, AIDS CASE REPORTING, AIDS DEATHS, AIDS EPIDEMIC, AIDS FUNDING, AIDS RELIEF, AIDS RESEARCH, AIDS SPENDING, ALCOHOL ABUSE, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, ANAL SEX, ANTENATAL CLINIC, ANTENATAL CLINICS, BEHAVIOUR CHANGE, BEHAVIOURS, BIOLOGICAL MEASURES, BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY, BLOOD PRODUCTS, BLOOD SAFETY, BLOOD SUPPLY, BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASES OF AIDS, CASUAL SEX, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILD PROSTITUTION, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMUNITY OUTREACH, CONDOM, CONDOM DISTRIBUTION, CONDOM PROMOTION, CONDOM USE, CONDOMS, CONSISTENT CONDOM USE, COUNSELLING, CULTURAL PRACTICES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIAGNOSIS, DIET, DISCRIMINATION, DISEASE, DISEASE CONTROL, DRUGS, ELDERLY, ELDERLY PEOPLE, EMERGENCY PLAN, EPIDEMIC, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS, ETHNIC GROUPS, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING ASSOCIATION, FEMALE SEX WORKERS, FEMALES, FERTILITY, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, GLOBAL HIV/AIDS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FACILITY, HERPES, HERPES SIMPLEX, HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS, HETEROSEXUAL CONTACT, HETEROSEXUAL SEX, HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION, HIV, HIV INFECTED PEOPLE, HIV INFECTION, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV POSITIVE, HIV PREVENTION, HIV TESTING, HIV TRANSMISSION, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INFANT, INJECTING DRUG USE, INJECTING DRUG USERS, INJECTION DRUG, INJECTION DRUG USE, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, MALE CIRCUMCISION, MALE PEERS, MALE PRISONERS, MALE SEX, MALE SEX WORKERS, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED COUPLES, MIGRANT, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MOTHER, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, MULTIPLE PARTNERS, MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS, NATIONAL AIDS, NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATIONAL SECURITY, NEEDLE SHARING, NEEDLES, NEW INFECTIONS, NUMBER OF ADULTS, NUMBER OF AIDS DEATHS, NUMBER OF COUPLES, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF NEW CASES, NUMBER OF NEW INFECTIONS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OLD AGE, OLDER AGE GROUPS, OLDER MEN, ORPHANS, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, PARTNER REDUCTION, POLICY RESEARCH, POPULATION INCREASES, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS, POSTNATAL CARE, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVALENCE, PREVALENCE RATE, PREVALENCE RATES, PREVALENT INFECTIONS, PREVENTION ACTIVITIES, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, PREVENTION METHODS, PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, PREVENTION STRATEGIES, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PROGRESS, RAPE, RATE OF CONDOM USE, RATES OF TRANSMISSION, RECREATION, REFUGEE, REFUGEE CAMPS, REFUGEES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, RESOURCE FLOWS, RISK OF EXPOSURE, RISK OF INFECTION, RISK OF TRANSMISSION, RISK POPULATIONS, RISK REDUCTION, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WOMEN, SAFE SEX, SAFER SEX, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SERVICE PROVISION, SEX, SEX PARTNERS, SEX WITH MEN, SEX WORK, SEX WORKER, SEX WORKERS, SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR, SEXUAL CONTACTS, SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS, SEXUAL NETWORKING, SEXUAL PARTNER, SEXUAL PARTNERS, SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS, SEXUAL PRACTICES, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SEXUALLY ACTIVE, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SOCIAL NORMS, STD, STD CONTROL, STDS, STIS, STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, SURVEILLANCE DATA, SYPHILIS, TB, THERAPY, TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION, TREATMENT, TUBERCULOSIS, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNIONS, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, UNPROTECTED SEX, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTRES, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN WOMEN, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE CHILDREN, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WOMAN, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG WOMEN,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20090525031238 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3044
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