Food Safety, the Environment, and Trade

In this paper, the authors discuss the ways in which national governments, firms, and individuals respond to policy related to food safety, environmental protection, and trade. These responses must be considered in the development of policy to ensure the best possible outcomes. It accounts for uncertainty about policy impacts and scientific knowledge and incorporates stochastic environmental factors. The authors argue use of such a model in the development of health and environmental policy can overcome capture by domestic forces opposed to trade liberalization. The effectiveness of policy, of course, is dependent upon firm and consumer response to policy. Section one describes the impacts of international transfer of species and genetic material, paying particular attention to the introduction of alien invasive species. Section two discusses issues surrounding trade in environmental amenities. Food safety and environmental regulations are reviewed in section three, along with mechanisms by which such policy can serve as a proxy for protectionists. Section four develops a risk assessment model that can be used in policy design. Section five considers the role of institutional, firm and individual behavior in the development and effectiveness of policy. Section six summarizes our analysis in offering an agenda for trade talks.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Zilberman, David, Hochman, Gal, Sexton, Steven E.
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-07
Subjects:	ACID RAIN, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, APPLES, BARGAINING, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BENCHMARK, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, CANCER, CARBON, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARCINOGENS, CEREAL CROPS, CEREALS, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER PREFERENCES, CONSUMERS, CORN, COST MINIMIZATION, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, DECISION MAKING, DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DIETS, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION, ECONOMIC MODELS, ECONOMIC RELATIONS, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECONOMISTS, EFFICIENT REGULATION, ELASTICITY, EMPLOYMENT, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENFORCEMENT REGIMES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, EXPECTED PRESENT VALUE, EXPECTED RETURNS, EXPECTED UTILITY, EXPENDITURES, EXPORTS, EXTERNALITIES, EXTERNALITY, FAMINE, FINANCIAL TRANSFERS, FOOD CONTAMINATION, FOOD LABELING, FOOD POLICY, FOOD PROCESSING, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD REGULATION, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOOD SUPPLY, FREE TRADE, FRUITS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH REGULATIONS, HORMONES, HUMAN BEHAVIOR, INCOME, INCREASING RETURNS, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, INNOVATION, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERVENTION, ISOLATION, LABELING, LAWS, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, MARKET FAILURES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, OPTIMIZATION, OPTION VALUE, ORGANIC FOODS, OZONE, PASTEURIZATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PERSONAL SAFETY, PESTICIDE, PESTICIDES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL PROCESS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POPULATION DYNAMICS, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE GOODS, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTIONISM, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUOTAS, REGULATION OF FOOD, RENT SEEKING, RENTS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RETURNS TO SCALE, RICE, SAFETY ISSUES, SAFETY MEASURES, SAFETY PROBLEMS, SAFETY STANDARDS, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SCREENING, SOCIAL COSTS, SOYBEAN, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADEOFFS, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, VALUATION, WETLANDS, WHEAT, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/515451468326180413/Food-safety-the-environment-and-trade https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28195
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