Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development

This paper reviews the linkages between urbanization and economic development. It articulates the relationship between urban density and potential increases in productivity, through specialization, complementarities in production, through the diffusion of knowledge and mimicry, and simply through size and scale. The factors limiting the efficient sizes of cities are analyzed. The paper reviews empirical knowledge, from underdeveloped countries as well as high-income industrial societies, about the importance and magnitudes of these productivity gains. The analysis documents the close link between gains in economic efficiency and the urbanization of populations in most parts of the world.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Quigley, John M.
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2008
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CAPITAL, ADJUSTMENT POLICIES, AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AVERAGE COSTS, BANKRUPTCY, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAPITAL MARKETS, CENTRALIZATION, CITY POPULATION, CITY SIZE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CONGESTION, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, CONSUMER PREFERENCES, CONSUMERS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DISCRIMINATION, DISEASES, DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS, DIVISION OF LABOR, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC LIFE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMIC THEORY, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELASTICITY, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, EPIDEMIC, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FISCAL POLICIES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, GDP, GLOBAL AGENDA, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES, INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INNOVATION, INSURANCE, INVENTORY, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR SUPPLY, LARGE CITIES, LEGAL STATUS, LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MARGINAL COSTS, MARGINAL PRODUCT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION FLOW, MINIMUM WAGE, NATIONAL ECONOMIES, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POPULATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, OUTPUTS, PATENTS, POINT OF DEPARTURE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL RIGHTS, PRACTITIONERS, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, PROGRESS, PROPERTY TAXES, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUALITY OF LIFE, REAL WAGES, REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY, RENTS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, ROUTE, ROUTES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RURAL WORKERS, SANITATION, SEARCH COSTS, SERVICE SECTOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SLUM DWELLERS, SOCIOLOGISTS, SOLID WASTE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, STATE OF WORLD POPULATION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SUPPLIERS, TAXATION, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TRADE POLICIES, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC FATALITIES, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORTATION, TRUE, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND, URBAN AGGLOMERATION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN BIAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN ECONOMICS, URBAN EMPLOYMENT, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, URBAN ENVIRONMENTS, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN LIFE, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POLICY, URBAN POPULATIONS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN SECTOR, URBAN SLUMS, URBAN WORKERS, URBANIZATION, URBANIZATION PROCESS, VALUE ADDED, VEHICLE, VEHICLE ACCIDENTS, VEHICLES, WAGES, WASTE WATER, WATER SUPPLIES, WORKER PRODUCTIVITY, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION, WORLD POPULATION POLICIES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/914731468177532792/Urbanization-agglomeration-and-economic-development https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28042
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