Opportunities for Men and Women : Emerging Europe and Central Asia

The countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have a long history of striving for gender equality, especially in the public sphere. Not only was this an important goal during the socialist era, but governments continued to pursue gender equality even during the difficult years of transition. The governments in the region allocated substantial resources toward the health and education of both women and men. They also adopted legislation that treated women and men equally in the labor market and they provided child care services. During much of the last century, the region surpassed countries both developing and developed in establishing the equal treatment of women and men. This report reviews changes in gender inequalities in Europe and Central Asia over the last decade, with a particular focus on economic opportunities both in labor markets and in entrepreneurial activity. In addition, given the importance of health and education in opening up opportunities for men and women in the economic sphere, the report discusses the changes in human capital endowments in this area as well. Unfortunately, the lack of data prevents us from covering the role of other assets, such as property or financial assets, in broadening opportunities for women. The remainder of this executive summary is structured as follows. The next section, A, reviews the main aspects of the World Development Report on gender and development. The following sections, B and C, discuss the main messages of this report and policy priorities, respectively. Section D makes some closing remarks.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Sattar, Sarosh
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2011-12-06
Subjects:	ABORTION, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO JOBS, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, ADULT MEN, ADULT MORTALITY, ALCOHOL ABUSE, ALCOHOLISM, BABY, CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CAUSES OF DEATH, CHANGES IN FERTILITY, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD-CARE, CHILDBIRTH, CITIZENS, DECLINE IN FERTILITY, DEMOGRAPHERS, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DISABILITY, DISCRIMINATION, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, DRUG ABUSE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATED WOMEN, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, ELDERLY, ELDERLY PEOPLE, ELDERLY PERSONS, ELDERLY POPULATION, ELDERLY WOMEN, EMERGENCY CARE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, EQUAL TREATMENT, EQUAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY POLICIES, FAMILY WORK, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY, FEMALE MORTALITY, FEMALE POPULATION, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FEWER CHILDREN, FIRST BIRTH, FORMS OF CONTRACEPTION, FREEDOM OF CHOICE, GENDER, GENDER ACTION, GENDER BIAS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION, GENDER GAP IN PRIMARY, GENDER GAPS, GENDER GAPS IN LITERACY, GENDER IMBALANCE, GENDER IMBALANCES, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER NEUTRAL, GENDER PARITY, GENDER PERSPECTIVE, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GROWING HEALTH CRISIS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HIGH DEATH RATES, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, ILL HEALTH, ILLITERACY, INEQUALITY, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LARGE FAMILIES, LEGAL STATUS, LEVELS OF MORTALITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE SPANS, LIFELONG LEARNING, LIFESTYLES, LITERACY RATES, LIVE BIRTHS, LONGER LIFE, LOW FERTILITY, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALE MORTALITY, MALE PARTICIPATION, MARKET ECONOMY, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, MATERNITY LEAVE, MIGRATION, MINORITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL SECURITY, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PERSONS, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OLD AGE, OLDER WOMEN, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PARENTAL LEAVE, PENSIONS, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLICY RESPONSE, POOR GIRLS, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION EXPLOSION, POPULATION PROFILES, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPHERE, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, RELIANCE ON ABORTION, REMITTANCES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESOURCE NEEDS, RESPECT, ROLE OF WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SCHOOL LEVELS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SEX, SEX RATIO, SEX RATIOS, SINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILLED HEALTH PERSONNEL, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECTORS, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVEL, TERTIARY LEVELS, TRAINING WOMEN, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNITED NATIONS, VIOLENCE, VULNERABILITY, WAGE GAP, WOMAN, WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS, WOMEN IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORK FORCE, WORKING POPULATION, WORKING WOMEN, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG POPULATIONS,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20111207001629 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2800
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