The Labor Impact of Lao Export Growth

As countries become increasingly integrated into the global economy, increased trade links with other countries translate into increased access to better or cheaper imports and increased demand for exports. Both can have an impact on consumers, producers and workers through household consumption, household production, and labor incentives. The channels through which increased trade integration can affect labor include: (i) the consumption channel, typically leading to an increase in purchasing power and therefore higher real wages, and (ii) the employment effect due to increased labor demand. The extent of these gains to trade will depend on the incidence of trade policies or trade shocks; in other words, the impact will depend on which products become less expensive, which sectors increase demand for skilled or unskilled labor, and which workers can access these new jobs. This report utilizes a range of methodologies and datasets that implicitly link trade and jobs; by using these complementary analytical approaches, we generate multiple perspectives on Lao PDR’s recent labor market outcomes, and their implications for Lao PDR’s current and future trade competitiveness.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Ruppert Bulmer, Elizabeth, Hollweg, Claire H.
Format:	Report biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2016-02
Subjects:	JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, TOTAL WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, EXPORT MARKETS, PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS, UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS, NET JOB CREATION, WAGE GAP, MANUFACTURING WAGES, SKILLED WORKERS, EMPLOYMENT SHARE, WAGE DIFFERENTIAL, MINIMUM WAGE, PUBLIC SECTOR JOB, PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE SECTOR, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, RURAL LABOR MARKETS, UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURE, SKILLED WORKFORCES, LABOR FORCE, DOMESTIC MARKET, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PRIMARY SOURCE, JOB, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS, SERVANTS, RURAL LABOR, FIRM SIZE, PERMANENT JOB, RETAIL TRADE, REAL WAGES, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, TEMPORARY WORKERS, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, WAGE GROWTH, JOB LOSSES, DRIVERS, JOB SEEKERS, MALE WORKERS, HUMAN RESOURCE, EMPLOYMENT LEVEL, LABOR MARKET, URBAN EMPLOYMENT, WAGE BILL, EMPLOYMENT LEVELS, GARMENT PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, PRIVATE SECTOR WAGES, SKILLED EMPLOYEES, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, WORKER, ADJUSTMENT COSTS, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYED, ATTRITION, TOTAL WAGES, LABOR MARKET OUTCOME, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, BUSINESS CYCLE, LABOR, PRIMARY SCHOOL, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, JOB SEARCH, URBAN WORKERS, EXPORT MARKET, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, WAGE INCREASE, WAGE LEVELS, FEMALE LABOR, EXPECTED WAGES, UNEMPLOYMENT, AVERAGE WAGES, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, HUMAN CAPITAL, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, TRAINING COSTS, WORKERS, LABOR ADJUSTMENT COSTS, PRODUCT MIX, PRODUCTIVE WORK, PRODUCTION WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, LABOR INFORMATION, REAL WAGE, LABOR DEMAND, WAGE INEQUALITY, AVERAGE WAGE, WAGE DATA, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, NET EMPLOYMENT, PAYING JOB, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, JOB TURNOVER, WAGE PREMIUM, LABOR ADJUSTMENT, OCCUPATIONS, OCCUPATION, SKILL UPGRADING, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, JOB CREATION, RURAL WORKERS, PRIVATE SECTOR, LABOR MOBILITY, HIGH WAGE, JOB OFFERS, EMPLOYMENT EFFECT, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS, SKILLED LABOR, MANAGEMENT, LABOR STANDARDS, SERVICE SECTORS, BASIC LITERACY, ENTRY COSTS, WORKING CONDITIONS, CREATING JOBS, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, LABORERS, EMPLOYEE, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES, LABOR SUPPLY, WAGE EFFECTS, LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT, NET JOB LOSSES, TRAINED WORKERS, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, AFFECTED WORKER, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, CHILD LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRODUCTIVITY GAINS, DECLINING UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, LABOR MARKETS, PUBLIC SERVICE, AGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, UNSKILLED LABOR, LABOR REGULATIONS, WORK ACTIVITIES, PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE, LABOR MARKET INFORMATION, LABOR REALLOCATION, EMPLOYEES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/02/25996553/labor-impact-lao-export-growth https://hdl.handle.net/10986/24020
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