The Effect of Metro Expansions on Air Pollution in Delhi

The Delhi Metro (DM) is a mass rapid transit system serving the National Capital Region of India. It is also the world’s first rail project to earn carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism of the United Nations for reductions in CO2 emissions. Did the DM also lead to localized reduction in three transportation source pollutants? Looking at the period 2004–2006, one of the larger rail extensions of the DM led to a 34 percent reduction in localized CO at a major traffic intersection in the city. Results for NO2 are also suggestive of a decline, while those for PM25 are inconclusive due to missing data. These impacts of pollutant reductions are for the short run. A complete accounting of all long run costs and benefits should be done before building capital intensive metro rail projects.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Goel, Deepti, Gupta, Sonam
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015-10
Subjects:	FREIGHT TRAFFIC, ROAD TRANSPORT, VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS, ACCESSIBILITY, TREND, RAPID RAIL, RAIL TRANSIT, ROLLING STOCK, METRO RAIL, POLLUTION, TOLL, TRANSPORT POLICY INSTITUTE, EMISSION, POPULATION DENSITY, TRIP, METRO RAIL CORPORATION, ROAD, URBAN RAIL TRANSIT, SAFETY, POLLUTION CONTROL, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, COMMUTERS, CARBON CREDITS, TRANSPORT SECTOR, PASSENGERS, NEIGHBORHOODS, MOTOR VEHICLES, HEAVY GOODS VEHICLES, NOISE POLLUTION, ROADS, RAIL LINES, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, RIDERSHIP, RAIL PROJECTS, CARS, POPULATION DENSITIES, ROUTE, DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION, TRAVEL DEMAND, TRANSPORT SYSTEM, DRIVERS, AIR POLLUTANTS, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, DEMAND FOR TRAVEL, DIESEL, SUBURBS, FREIGHT, TRANSIT SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, AIR, CAR FUEL, VEHICLE, GOODS VEHICLES, POLLUTANT EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, BUS TRANSIT, NOISE, PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM, MODERN TRANSPORT SYSTEM, RIDERSHIP DATA, DRIVING RESTRICTIONS, URBAN TRANSPORT, SAFETY OF PASSENGERS, COSTS PER PASSENGER MILE, RAIL NETWORK, TRANSPORTATION, SUBWAY, TRANSIT SYSTEM, TRIPS, AIR POLLUTION, AVERAGE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY, MEANS OF TRANSPORT, EMISSION STANDARDS, TRAVEL, CONGESTION, BUS TRANSPORTATION, CONGESTION PRICING, BUS, RAIL TRAVEL, EMISSIONS STANDARDS, TAXIS, FUEL, CONGESTION ON ROADS, TRANSPORT POLICY, URBAN RAIL, TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, MODERN TRANSPORT, RAIL TRANSIT CRITICISM, ELASTICITIES, ROUTES, TRANSPORT ECONOMICS, TRAVEL ACTIVITY, HIGHWAYS, TRUCKS, VEHICLE OCCUPANCY, VEHICLE- KILOMETERS, URBAN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS, CLIMATE CHANGE, TRAFFIC, JOURNEY, RAIL, CARBON MONOXIDE, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, TAX, ACCIDENTS, INTERSECTIONS, PASSENGER TRAVEL, PRIVATE VEHICLES, DRIVING, RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS, RAPID TRANSIT, ROAD EMISSIONS, BUSES, TRANSIT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PRIVATE TRAFFIC, TRIP DISTANCE, TRUE, BUS SERVICES, TRANSPORT INVESTMENT, TRANSPORT RESEARCH, ELASTICITY, POLICIES, WATER POLLUTION, VEHICLES, TRAVEL MODE, FARES, RAIL SYSTEMS, CAR, TRAVEL MODES, MODE OF TRAVEL, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS ANALYSIS, COSTS, URBAN BUS, MASS RAPID TRANSIT, TRANSPORT, AVERAGE TRIP DISTANCE, BUS OPERATORS, TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR, INFRASTRUCTURE, COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS, TRAFFIC OPERATIONS, RAIL PROJECT, ROAD CONGESTION, CAPITAL INTENSIVE PROJECTS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/25167492/effect-metro-expansions-air-pollution-delhi http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22878
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