The Elderly and Old Age Support in Rural China : Challenges and Prospects

Although average incomes in China have risen dramatically since the 1980s, concerns are increasing that the rural elderly have not benefited from growth to the same extent as younger people and the urban elderly. Concerns about welfare of the rural elderly combine spatial and demographic issues. Large gaps exist between conditions in coastal and interior regions and between conditions in urban and rural areas of the country. In addition to differences in income by geography, considerable differences exist across demographic groups in the level of coverage by safety nets, in the benefits received through the social welfare system, and in the risks of falling into poverty. This book aims to do two things: first, it provides detailed empirical analysis of the welfare and living conditions of the rural elderly since the early 1990s in the context of large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and second, it explores the evolution of the rural pension system in China over the past two decades and raises a number of issues on its current implementation and future directions. Although the two sections of the book are distinct in analytical terms, they are closely linked in policy terms: the first section demonstrates in several ways a rationale for greater public intervention in the welfare of the rural elderly, and the second documents the response of policy to date and options to consider for deepening the coverage and effects of the rural pension system over the longer term.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Cai, Fang, Giles, John, O'Keefe, Philip, Wang, Dewen
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2012-03-13
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS, ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGING POPULATIONS, BASIC BENEFIT, BASIC NEEDS, BASIC PENSION, BENEFIT LEVEL, BENEFIT LEVELS, CENTER FOR POPULATION, CHANGES IN FERTILITY, CHRONIC POVERTY, CHRONICALLY POOR, CONSUMPTION POVERTY, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, CONTRIBUTION RECORDS, CORESIDENCE, CULTURAL CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DETERMINANT OF POVERTY, DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISSEMINATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC TRANSITION, ELDERLY, ELDERLY HOUSEHOLDS, ELDERLY MEN, ELDERLY PEOPLE, ELDERLY PERSONS, ELDERLY POPULATION, ELDERLY WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING COMMISSION, FAMILY SIZE, FAMILY SUPPORT, FARM LABOR, FERTILITY, FERTILITY POLICIES, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FUNDED PENSIONS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GLOBAL POPULATION, GOVERNMENT PENSIONS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GUARANTEED RATE, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILL HEALTH, ILLNESS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME POVERTY, INCOME QUINTILE, INCOME RISK, INCOME SHOCK, INCOME SUPPORT, INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT, INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS, INFLATION RATE, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS, INTERNAL MIGRATION, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR INCOME, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL CAPACITY, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOW FERTILITY, MALE LABOR FORCE, MIGRANT, MIGRANT FAMILY, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MORTALITY, NATIONAL FERTILITY, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PENSION, NATIONAL POLICY, NUTRITION, OLD AGE, OLD AGE SUPPORT, OLD-AGE, OLDER PEOPLE, PENSION, PENSION BENEFIT, PENSION BENEFITS, PENSION COVERAGE, PENSION INCOME, PENSION INDICATORS, PENSION POLICY, PENSION POLICY REFORM, PENSION PROGRAMS, PENSION SCHEME, PENSION SCHEMES, PENSION SYSTEM, PENSION SYSTEMS, PENSIONABLE AGE, PENSIONS, PERSISTENT POVERTY, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLICY RESPONSE, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POOR AREAS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION CENTER, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POPULATION RESEARCH, POPULATION STATISTICS, POPULATION STRUCTURE, POPULATION TRENDS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY HEAD, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY INDEX, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY POVERTY, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY SEVERITY, POVERTY STATUS, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SUPPORT, REDUCTION IN POVERTY, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENT AGES, RETIREMENT DECISIONS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL MEN, RURAL MIGRANTS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATION GROWTH, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL RESIDENTS, RURAL WORKERS, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL PENSION, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL PROTECTION MECHANISMS, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL SUPPORT, SOCIAL WELFARE, SPATIAL DIFFERENCES, SPILLOVER, SPOUSE, STATE UNIVERSITY, SUPPORT FALLS, TARGETING, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POPULATION, URBANIZATION, VILLAGE LEADERS, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WORLD POPULATION, YOUNG ADULT, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG PEOPLE,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120319004833 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2249
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