Pakistan Clean Fuels

In the context of the Pakistan Clean Fuels Program, and subsequent workshops, the study reviews the proposed timetable for phasing lead out of gasoline, increasing the average of gasoline octane, and reducing sulfur in diesel, and fuel oil. Within South Asia, Pakistan remains one of the countries using leaded gasoline widely, and, given the extensive epidemiological evidence concerning the adverse impact of lead on public health, lead elimination is the highest priority for fuel quality improvement, in addition to the pollutant concern of high ambient concentrations of fine particles. Also examined is the aspect of particulate emissions: higher contribution by diesel vehicles to particulate emissions, a factor aggravated by the much lower pricing policy of diesel. Workshops findings suggest that incremental costs of reducing sulfur in diesel is low, compared to the cost of reducing sulfur in fuel oil which is substantial, arguing for an accelerated switch from fuel oil to natural gas. Conversely, the incremental cost of eliminating lead in gasoline, and reducing sulfur in diesel is surprisingly low. If implemented successfully, one effective option is differentiated vehicle taxation, by which diesel vehicles are taxed considerably more than gasoline equivalents, so as to make diesel vehicles economically unattractive. However, findings suggest that fuel tax policy alone is a poor instrument for inducing a shift from diesel to gasoline powered vehicles; observations thus highlight the importance of coordinating policies across environmental, transport, and energy sectors, using a number of policy instruments, rather than just one to address these problems.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	ESMAP Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2001-10
Subjects:	ADVERSE IMPACT, AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY DATA, AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT, ALCOHOLS, AMBIENT CONCENTRATION, AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS, AROMATICS, AVIATION GASOLINE, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BENZENE, CARBON, CARBON ATOMS, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARCINOGENS, CATALYST REGENERATION, CATALYTIC CONVERTER, CATALYTIC CRACKING, CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES, CETANE NUMBER, CHEMICALS, CHOICE OF FUEL, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN FUELS, CO, COLORS, COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID, COMBUSTION, COMBUSTION CHAMBER, COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS, CONSERVATION, CONVERSION OF GASOLINE VEHICLES, CRUDE OIL, DIESEL, DIESEL CONSUMPTION, DIESEL FUEL, DIESEL PARTICULATE, DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS, DIESEL SULFUR, DIESEL SULFUR REDUCTION, DIESEL VEHICLES, DISTILLATE PRODUCTION, DISTILLATION, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMISTS, ELASTICITIES, ENERGY PRACTICES, ENGINE, ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, ETHERS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXHAUST SYSTEM, EXPENDITURES, FINE PARTICLES, FLUE GAS, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL OIL, FUEL OIL PRICES, FUEL OIL PRODUCTION, FUEL PRICE, FUEL PRICING, FUEL QUALITY, FUEL SPECIFICATIONS, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL TAX, GAS, GAS DESULFURIZATION, GASOLINE, GASOLINE BLENDING, GASOLINE CARS, GASOLINE COMPONENT, GASOLINE DEMAND, GASOLINE FRACTION, GASOLINE OCTANE, GASOLINE PRICE, GASOLINE PRICES, GASOLINE PRODUCTION, GASOLINE QUALITY, GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS, GASOLINE VEHICLES, HEAVY OILS, HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES, HYDROCARBONS, HYDROGEN, IMPORTS, INCOME, INFLATION, INSURANCE, ISOMERIZATION, LEADED GASOLINE, LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES, LIVING CONDITIONS, METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER, MINERAL, MTBE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, NO2, OCTANE, OCTANE NUMBERS, OIL, OIL COMPANY, OIL DEMAND, OIL MARKETING, OIL MARKETING COMPANIES, OLEFINS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, OXIDES, OXIDES OF NITROGEN, OXIDES OF SULFUR, OXYGEN, OZONE, PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROLEUM SECTOR, PIPELINES, POLLUTANTS, POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRICE CHANGES, RECYCLING, REFINERIES, REFINERY, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR, SAVINGS, STREAM, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SULFUR IN DIESEL, SULFUR IN FUEL, SUSPENDED PARTICLES, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TAX REVENUE, TAXATION, TEMPERATURE, TRANSPORT FUEL, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, VEHICLE, VEHICLE OWNERS, VEHICLES, VOC, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1677829/pakistan-clean-fuels http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20287
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!