The Epidemiological Impact of an HIV Vaccine on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Southern India

The potential epidemiological impact of preventive HIV vaccines on the HIV epidemic in Southern India is examined using a mathematical deterministic dynamic compartmental model. Various assumptions about the degree of protection offered by such a vaccine, the extent of immunological response of those vaccinated, and the duration of protection afforded are explored. Alternative targeting strategies for HIV vaccination are simulated and compared with the impact of conventional prevention interventions in high-risk groups and the general population. The impact of disinhibition (increased risk behavior due to the presence of a vaccine) is also considered. Vaccines that convey a high degree of protection in a share of or all of those immunized and that convey life-long immunity are the most effective in curbing the HIV epidemic. Vaccines that convey less than complete protection may also have substantial public health impact, but disinhibition can easily undo their effects and they should be used combined with conventional prevention efforts. Conventional interventions that target commercial sex workers and their clients to increase condom use can also be highly effective and can be implemented immediately, before the arrival of vaccines.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Nagelkerke, Nico J.D., De Vlas, Sake J.
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2003-02
Subjects:	ADULT MEN, ADULT POPULATION, ADULT PREVALENCE, AIDS PATIENTS, AIDS VACCINE, ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS, BEHAVIORAL RISK, BIRTH RATE, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, CONDOM PROMOTION, CONDOM USE, DEATH RATE, DRUG USE, DRUGS, EFFECTIVE VACCINES, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES, FEMALE SEX WORKERS, GAY MEN, HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION, HIGH RISK GROUPS, HIGH- RISK, HIGH- RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK, HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS, HIGH-RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV PREVALENCE, HIV PREVENTION, HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, HIV TEST, HIV TRANSMISSION, HIV VACCINATION, HIV VIRUS, IMMUNE RESPONSE, IMMUNITY, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNOLOGY, INTERVENTION, MALE CIRCUMCISION, MALE CLIENTS, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION, NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL, NEW INFECTIONS, PATIENTS, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PREVENTION STRATEGIES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICES, RATES OF CONDOM USE, REDUCTION IN TRANSMISSION, REDUNDANCY, RISK BEHAVIOR, RISK POPULATIONS, RISKY SEX, SAFER SEX, SEX WITH MEN, SEX WORK, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUAL BEHAVIORS, SEXUAL PARTNERS, SEXUALLY ACTIVE, SEXUALLY ACTIVE AGE GROUP, SEXUALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, STIS, SYNDROMIC TREATMENT, UNPROTECTED SEX, UNSAFE SEX, USE OF CONDOMS, VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES, VACCINE RESEARCH, VACCINES, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION, VULNERABLE GROUPS ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HIV VIRUSES, EPIDEMICS, DISEASE PREVENTION & CONTROL, TARGETED ASSISTANCE, HEALTH IMPACTS, CONTRACEPTIVES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/02/2160788/epidemiological-impact-hiv-vaccine-hivaids-epidemic-southern-india https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19152
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