Black Carbon and Climate Change : Considerations for International Development Agencies

This report is intended to inform the international development community about the links between black (BC) carbon and climate change. With growing scientific clarity on the contribution of black carbon to climate change, the benefits of limiting its emissions are becoming more evident. This report reviews the existing knowledge on the subject and identifies relevant considerations for development organizations. Climate modeling shows that a large reduction in the global amounts of BC emissions, without changes in emissions of organic carbon, will lead to a sharp onetime decrease in the warming influence of human activities. A rapid reduction in BC emissions has thus been proposed as a way to partially offset the projected increase in temperatures in coming decades. This will not solve the long-term problem of climate change, which is caused by the greenhouse gas (GHGs), but it could extend the limited time that is available to reduce emissions of GHGs aggressively, before global temperatures reach dangerous levels. Proposals to reduce BC emissions also often address the need to reduce emissions of several other short-lived gases (such as ozone) that are mostly not covered by the Kyoto Protocol. This paper is designed to inform development agencies, in a brief, simplified, and non-technical manner, about the links between BC and climate change, and how these could relate to development policy. The paper describes: (a) what is known about the impact of BC and related aerosols on climate, (b) the sources and importance of BC emissions, (c) possible actions and policies to mitigate emissions, and (d) considerations for agencies in light of these issues.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Levitsky, Michael
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2011-12
Subjects:	ABATEMENT, ABSORPTION, ACCESSIBILITY, AEROSOL EMISSIONS, AEROSOLS, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, AGRICULTURAL WASTES, AIR, AIR CONDITIONING, AIR QUALITY, ALBEDO, ANIMAL WASTE, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, ARCTIC OCEAN, ASH, ATMOSPHERE, AVAILABILITY, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BIOMASS BURNING, BIOMASS FUELS, BLACK CARBON, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, BOILER, BUS, BUSES, BUTANE, CALCULATION, CAPITAL COSTS, CARBON 14, CARBON BLACK, CARBON COMPOUNDS, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON FINANCING, CARBON INTENSITY, CARBON LEVELS, CARBON MARKETS, CARBON MITIGATION, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON SOURCE, CARS, CATALYSTS, CEMENT, CH4, CHEMICAL CATALYSTS, CHEMICAL CHANGES, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CLEAN FUEL, CLEAN FUELS, CLEAN TRANSPORT, CLEANER FUELS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES, CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES, CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY, CLIMATE EFFECTS, CLIMATE FEEDBACK, CLIMATE POLICIES, CLIMATE POLICY, CLIMATE SCIENCE, CLIMATE SCIENTISTS, CLIMATE SYSTEM, CLIMATES, CLOUDS, CO, CO2, COAL, COAL COMBUSTION, COAL USE, COMBUSTION, COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES, COST-BENEFIT, CROP RESIDUES, DAMAGES, DEFORESTATION, DIESEL, DIESEL COMBUSTION, DIESEL EMISSIONS, DIESEL ENGINES, DIESEL FUEL, DIESEL FUEL USE, DIESEL FUELS, DIESEL GENERATORS, DIESEL USE, DIESEL VEHICLE, DIESEL VEHICLES, DRIVERS, DUST, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC COSTS, ELECTRIC TRAINS, EMISSION, EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTION MEASURES, EMISSIONS ESTIMATES, EMISSIONS FROM COAL, EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT, EMISSIONS PROFILE, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS STANDARDS, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY SOURCE, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ESTIMATES OF EMISSIONS, FOREST, FOREST FIRES, FORESTS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL USE, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL CONVERSION, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL OIL, FUEL PRICES, FUEL QUALITY, FUEL STANDARDS, FUEL TYPE, FUELS, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS, GAS, GAS EXTRACTION, GAS FLARING, GAS PRODUCTION, GASOLINE, GASOLINE VEHICLES, GHG, GHGS, GLACIERS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE EFFECT, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GWP, HALOCARBONS, HEAT, HEAVY OIL, HIGH ALTITUDES, HISTORICAL EMISSIONS, HUMIDITY, HYDROCARBONS, HYDROGEN, IMPACTS ON EMISSIONS, INCOME, INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, INSPECTION, IPCC, IRON, KEROSENE, LARGE POWER STATIONS, LEVELS OF EMISSIONS, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS, LOW-CARBON, MARINE TRANSPORT, MASS TRANSIT, METHANE, MODAL SHIFT, MODERN FUELS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS, NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION, NITRATES, NITROGEN, NITROGEN OXIDE, NITROGEN OXIDES, NITROUS OXIDE, OIL PRODUCTS, OIL REFINERIES, OIL USE, OPEN BURNING, ORGANIC CARBON, OXYGEN, OZONE, OZONE PRECURSORS, PARTICLES, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION CONTROLS, POLLUTION REDUCTION, POWER, POWER GENERATION, POWER GENERATORS, POWER SECTOR, POWER STATIONS, PRECIPITATION, PROPANE, PUBLIC SUBSIDIES, QUALITY FUELS, RADIATION, RADIATIVE FORCING, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAPID TRANSIT, RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS, RAW MATERIAL, REFLECTIVITY, RESIDENTIAL SECTORS, RETROFITTING, ROAD, ROAD EMISSIONS, ROAD VEHICLES, ROUTE, ROUTES, SMOKE, SO2, SOLAR ENERGY, SOLAR RADIATION, STATIONARY SOURCES, SUBSTITUTION, SUGARCANE, SULFATE, SULFATE PARTICLES, SULFATES, SULFUR, SULFUR CONTENT, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SUNLIGHT, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE CHANGE, TIRES, TOTAL COSTS, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORTATION, TRAVEL TIME, TROPOSPHERIC OZONE, TRUCKS, UNCERTAINTIES, UNEP, VEHICLE, VEHICLE EMISSIONS, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLES, WATER HEATING, WATER VAPOR, WEATHER PATTERNS, WMO,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/12/15893923/black-carbon-climate-change-considerations-international-development-agencies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18317
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